1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-29 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Although people are able to generate a wide range of vocal sounds, any given language used only a small fraction of them. A. valid B. voiced C. measurable D. meaningful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.A portion of an employees wages
2、is withheld by the employer for income taxes. A. borrowed B. retained C. guaranteed D. paid（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The Badlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region. A. truly B. strangely C. exceedingly D. impressively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The voyage is a r
3、ecurrent metaphor in Romantic literature. A. lover B. journey C. view D. cliff（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Paul Revere made his famous midnight ride to warn American patriots that the enemy was coming. A. admonish B. alert C. ensure D. remind（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.For most people the decision to wed is generally
4、surrounded by social constraints. A. marry B. emigrate C. choose a job D. have children（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The nursing vocation, as we know it today, came into being at the beginning of this century. A. profession B. society C. philosophy D. uniform（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The Californian redwoods, the tal
5、lest trees in the world, are known for their ability to withstand fire, insects and disease. A. bear B. resist C. attack D. defend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The grapes withered on the vine. A. matured B. shriveled C. rotted D. glistened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The best country music songs are those that express
6、an emotion that is likely to make a listener weep. A. smile B. think C. sing D. cry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.My uncle volunteers his services to worthy causes. A. asserts B. offers C. blasts D. impeaches（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The explorer approached the troop of gorillas warily. A. fearlessly B. silently C.
7、prudently D. deliberately（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Because of its vivid yellow, black and orange coloring, the emperor penguin stands out against the usually bleak landscape of its habitat. A. odd B. pale C. bright D. simple（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Older citizens in the United States vote more regularly than y
8、ounger ones, particularly when local and state issues are being considered. A. cast their ballots B. run for office C. criticize the government D. give their opinions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The Cheyenne Indians were considered spectacular riders and fierce warriors. A. hunters B. defenders C. enemies D.
9、 fighters（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)F. D. RooseveltWhen President Frankin D. Roosevelt colapsed and died of a stroke in April 12,1945, the nation went into a state of depression unknown since the death of Abraham Lincoln. Roosevelt had become inseparably linked with a series of nati
10、onal crisesin his case the Great Depression and World World War II. And like Lincoln, Roosevelt was viewed as a savior, a man who had redeemed his people. Put simply, F. D. Roosevelt enjoyed the elusive charisma (引起大众景仰的领袖)so prized but politicians. Blessed with enormous self-confidence and an ingra
11、tiating personality, he inspired tremendous loyalty among most Americans. They loved him and put him in the White House on four separate occasions 1932, 1936, 1940,and 1944. But like all charismatic leaders, Roosevelt also generated tremendous hostility in some circles, particularly in corporate boa
12、rdroom and the parlors of the well-to-do (富人的会客厅). They viewed him as a “traitor to his class,“ a politician so seduced by power (受权势诱惑) that he posed a threat to property and the social order.Franklin D. Roosevelt was a complicated man, a beloved acquaintance of thousands but an intimate of very fe
13、w. Bon rich and raised in pampered splendor (优越受宠的环境), he nevertheless led a virtual revolution in public policy, giving ethnic minorities, labor unions, and poor people their first taste of influence at federal level. Although Roosevelt inspired a legion of intellectuals to invest their energies in
14、 public service, he was not an innovative thinker himself. He preferred the give-and take of politics, and the inherent excitement of its risks, to the intricate nuts and bolts of social and economic policy. His public outward character was overwhelming, but there was also a private side to his life
15、 that the American people understood only superficially. During the Summer of 1921, little more than a decade before he became president, Roosevelt contracted polio, or infantile paralysis, a disease that crippled him for the rest of his life.（分数：7.00）(1).The death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt
16、 in 1945 was a great blow to American people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Both Lincoln and Franklin had saved his people from some trouble.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).All the Americans are loyal to Franklin.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Franklin was elected Pre
17、sident for four consecutive terms.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Franklin had many intimate friends.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Franklin liked complicated social and economic policy better than anything else.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Franklin got infantile pa
18、ralysis even since he became the President of the United States.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice Sheet B. Special Features of Lake Vida C. Later Expedition on Mars D. 2004 Revisit Planne
19、d for Collecting Lake Water Specimens E. Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and Revived F. Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. is found t
20、o be a great deal higher than that of seawater B. was of little scientific value C. may be older than that collected below 39 feet of ice D. might have come from Mars E. is to collect some briny lake water for analysis F. may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice（分数：4.00）(1).
21、Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What the scientists will do in 2004 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake
22、 Vida 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Marketing MixMarketing is a total system of business activites designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want-satisfying products to target markets to achieve organizational objectives. This definition implies that th
23、e entire system of business activitiis should be customer-oriented, and a marketing program should start with an idea about a new product and should not end until the customers wants are completely satisfied, which may be sometime after the sale is made.The combination of the four primary elements t
24、hat comprise a companys marketing program is termed the marketing mix. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix constitute the bulk of a firms marketing effort.The four elements of the marketing mix are.ProductManaging the product ingredient includes planning and developing th
25、e right goods and/or services to be marketed by the company. Strategic decisions are also needed for changing existing products, adding new ones, and taking other actions that affect the assortment(分类) of products carried. Strategic decisions are also needed regarding branding, packaging, and variou
26、s other product features.PriceManagement must determine the right base price for its products. It must then decide on strategies concerning discounts, freight (货运) payments, and many other price-related factors.DistributionEven though marketing intermediaries(中介) primarily wholesalers and retailers
27、are largely a noncontrollable environmental factor, an executive has considerable latitude when working with them. Managements responsibility is to select and manage the trade channels through which the products will reach the right market at the right time and develop a distribution system for phys
28、ically handling and transporting the products through these channels.PromotionManagement needs to inform and persuade the market regarding a companys products. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity are the major promotional activities.The four ingredients in the marketing mix
29、are interrelated; decisions in one area usually affect actions in the others. Each of the four also contains countless variables. A company may market one item or severalrelated or unrelated. The item may be distributed through wholesalers or directly to retailers, and so on. Ultimately (最后) ,from t
30、he multitude of variables, management must select the combination that will best adapt to the environment, satisfy target markets, and still meet marketing and organizational goals.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is the intended meaning of the last sentence in the second paragraph? _
31、（分数：3.00）A.The design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix combine most part of a firms marketing effort.B.The bulk of a firms marketing effort consists of the design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix.C.The design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mi
32、x are composed of most part of a firms marketing effort.D.The bulk of a firms marketing effort makes up the design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix.(2).As far as distribution is concerned, _.（分数：3.00）A.wholesalers and retailers, although uncontrollable, are responsible for the se
33、lection of trade channels and development of distribution systemB.the marketing executive has great freedom in selecting trade channels and developing distribution system in spite of the presence of some uncontrollable factorsC.the marketing executive is free from the control of wholesalers and reta
34、ilersD.the marketing executive works with wholesalers and retailers with great consideratrion of position(3).“Personal selling “is nearest in meaning to one of the following. _.（分数：3.00）A.Selling a personB.Face-to-face sellingC.Selling by a personD.Selling of personal belongings(4).According to the
35、last paragraph, combination in “. management must select the combination. “refers to the combination of _（分数：3.00）A.items to be marketedB.wholesalers and retailersC.a number of variablesD.four ingredients(5).What are the two words in the passage which are the synonyms of “element“ and “mix“ which ap
36、pear in the first sentence of the paragraph? _.（分数：3.00）A.Assortment/Combination.B.Ingredient/Combination.C.Variable/Ingredient.D.Strategies/Variabl六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Im Sorry, I Wont ApologizeAlmost daily, news reports include accounts of public figures or heads of companies being forced to say t
37、heyre sorry. In a recent case, Marge Schott, managing partner of the Cincinnati Reds, at first did not want to apologize for her remark that Hitler “was good at the beginning but he just went too far. “Under pressure, she finally said that she regretted her remarks “offended many people. “Predictabl
38、y-and especially given her history with such comments-many were not satisfied with this response and successfully lobbied for her resignation.This particular use of “Im sorry“ has a familiar ring. The other day my husband said to me, “Im sorry I hurt your feelings. “I knew he was really trying. He h
39、as learned, through our years together, that apologies are important to me. But he was grinning, because he also knew that “Im sorry I hurt your feelings“ left open the possibility-indeed, strongly suggested-that he regretted not what he did but my emotional reaction. It sometimes seems that he thin
40、ks the earth will open up and swallow him if he admits fault.It may appear that insisting someone admit fault is like wanting him to humiliate himself.But I dont see it that way, since its no big deal for me to say I made a mistake and apologize. The problem is that it becomes a big deal when be won
41、t.This turns out to be similar to the Japanese view. Following a fender bender, according to a Times article, the Japanese typically get out of their cars and bow, each claiming responsibility. In contrast, Americans are instructed by their insurance companies to avoid admitting fault. When an Ameri
42、can living in Japan did just that-even though he knew he was to blame-the Japanese driver “was so incensed by the Americans failure to show contrition that be took the highly unusual step of suing him. “The Japanese driver and I are not the only ones who are offended when someone obviously at fault
43、doesnt just less up and apologize. A woman who lives in the country told me of a similar reaction. One day she gave her husband something to mail when he went into town. The next day, when they left the house together, she found her unmailed letter in the car. He said, “Oh, I forgot to mail your let
44、ter. “She was furious-not because he had forgotten, but because be didnt apologize.（分数：15.00）(1).What was Marge Schott forced to do? _（分数：3.00）A.To make a prediction of the future.B.To say “Hitler was good at the beginning. “C.To say “Im sorry. “D.To count figures.(2).The author felt _（分数：3.00）A.her
45、 husband regretted the choice he had madeB.her husband regretted what he didC.her husband regretted her emotional responseD.her husband regretted the dirty words he had used(3).According to the author, when one makes a mistake, he should _.（分数：3.00）A.admit it and apologizeB.avoid admitting itC.expla
46、in it awayD.make every effort to maintain his face(4).According to the passage, what would Japanese drivers usually do after a car accident? _.（分数：3.00）A.They would admit their own faults.B.They would blame each other.C.They would avoid admitting faults.D.They would sue each other.(5).What was the w
47、oman angry about? _（分数：3.00）A.Her husbands failure to apologize.B.Her husbands failure to mail the letter.C.Her husbands failure to go into town.D.Her husbands failure to leave the house together with her.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water PollutionThe demand for freshwater rises continuously as the worlds
48、population grows. From 1940 to 1990 ,withdrawal of fresh water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other sources has increased fourfold. Of the water consumed each year,69 percent is used for agriculture,23 percent for industry, and 8 percent for domestic uses.Sewage, industrial wastes, and agricult
49、ural chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides are the main causes of water pollution. In 1995,the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). reported that about 37 percent of the countrys lakes and estuaries, and 36 percent of its rivers, are too polluted for basic uses such as fishing or swimming,
