1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In 1925 Clarence Darrow competently opposed William Jennings Bryan at the renowned Scopes “Monkey Trial“. A. adeptly B. maliciously C. privately D. rashly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In statistics the most frequently used computa
2、tions are the mean, the median, and the mode because all are indicators of central tendency. A. graphs B. variables C. calculations D. words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Most religions are concerned with the worship of one or several deities as well as with ethical rules of conduct. A. faith B. speech C. thoug
3、ht D. behavior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.After 1850,various states in the United States began to pass compulsory school attendance laws. A. harsh B. diversified C. mandatory D. complicated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The Empire State Building was conceived on a grander scale than previous skyscrapers. A. executed B.
4、designed C. financed D. applauded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.By the 1880s,living conditions in the congested Eastern Seaboard cities of the United States had become local scandals. A. developing B. diverse C. crowded D. wealthy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.We saw a lot of commercial buildings in Chicago. A. condemned B
5、. razed C. business D. vacant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He is going to compile the data requested by the tax collector. A. sprout B. evade C. redeem D. gather（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Although dolphins sometimes swim singly or in pairs, they usually congregate in large herds, often numbering in the hundreds. A. pr
6、ocreate B. eat C. live D. assemble（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot people were confederates of the colonists in Maine at the time of the Revolutionary War. A. guardians B. teachers C. allies D. observers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Salt has been a respected commodity for much of recorded t
7、ime. A. flavoring B. preservative C. remedy for illness D. article of trade（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The Olympic Games attempt to transcend national interests and bring together the best international athletes in a spirit of friendly competition and peace. A. debate B. celebration C. instruction D. rivalr
8、y（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Theodere Dreiser was one of the first American novelists to portray immoral characters without condemnation. A. hostility B. sadness C. blame D. pity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. A. a com
9、pany B. a fluctuation C. an assortment D. a matching（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impurities commonly make it opaque and colorful. A. truly B. rapidly C. periodically D. frequently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Step Back in TimeDo you know th
10、at we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for u
11、s and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we dont slip back into bad habits
12、, lets have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didnt live logn. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病) and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor a
13、nd not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down.People didnt have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing
14、it on windowsills (窗台板), blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden.Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks (火柴杆) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by
15、 now.（分数：7.00）(1).On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Po
16、or diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).L
17、ife was not easy for many children living 100 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Higher living standard B. Importance of transport in trade C. Various means of transport D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade E. Role of information in trad
18、e F. Public transportation（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to pro
19、duce on a large scale E. the transport of goods F. it is possible to produce on a large scale（分数：4.00）(1).The development of modern means of transport 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Transport has made it possible for peopl
20、e to eat whatever food they want 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Harmless RevengeRevenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys. People dont like to
21、 talk about it, though. Just the same, there is nothing more satisfying or more rewarding than revenge. The purpose is not to harm your victims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you. Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome coworkers,
22、gossiping friends, or nagging family members.Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply. All you have to do is get up extra early one day. Before the sun comes up, drive to each coworkers house. Reach under the hood o
23、f your coworkers car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap, the car will be unharmed, but it will not start, and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day. If youre lucky, your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise
24、.Gossiping friends at school are also perfect targets for a simple act of revenge. A way to trap either male or female friends is to leave phony messages on their lockers. If the friend that you want to get is male, leave a message that a certain girl would like him to stop by her house later that d
25、ay. With any luck, her boyfriend will be there. The girl wont know whats going on, and the victim will be so embarrassed that he probably wont leave his home for a month.When Morn and Dad and your sisters and brothers really begin to annoy you, harmless revenge may be just the way to make them quiet
26、 down for a while. The dinner table is a likely place. Just before the meal begins, throw a handful of raisins into the food. Wait about five minutes and, after everyone has begun to eat, cover your mouth with your hand and begin to make odd noises. When they ask you what the matter is, point to a r
27、aisin and yell, “Bugs!“ They dump their food in the disposal, jump into the car, and head for McDonalds. That night, youll have your first quiet, peaceful meal in along time.A well-planned revenge does not have to hurt anyone. The object is simply to let other people know that they are beginning to
28、bother you.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, a harmless revenge is _.（分数：3.00）A.to amuse the victimB.to react to those who bother youC.to prevent one from disturbing othersD.to hurt nobody emotionally(2).As a harmless revenge, you might come first and get a raise by _.（分数：3.00）A.making your co
29、lleagues come lateB.getting up earlier than your colleaguesC.destroying your colleagues carsD.pleasing your boss(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the second example? _（分数：3.00）A.The girl received a phony message.B.The victim was invited by the girl.C.The girl managed to reve
30、nge the victim harmlessly.D.The girl wasnt expecting the victim.(4).The family members dumped their food in the disposal because（分数：3.00）A.they thought their food had been spoiledB.they wanted to eat outC.they wanted to have a peaceful mealD.they didnt like the food with raisins(5).The main topic of
31、 the passage is how to（分数：3.00）A.avoid nagging family membersB.silence gossiping friendsC.make a harmless revengeD.deal with bothersome coworkers六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Visually Impaired PersonVisual impairment (损害) carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through ones physical and
32、 social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visual impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.Orienta
33、tion refers to the mental map .one has of ones surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is the best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With little of no visual feedb
34、ack to reinforce this mental map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired person to affirm their position in space.Mobility, on the other hand, is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to ano
35、ther within ones physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians (行人) they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.To meet the expanding
36、needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the earl
37、y years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts, such as inside or outside, in front of or behind, fast or slow, movement of traffic, the variety of intersections, elevators or escalators, and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe, efficient travel through
38、familiar and unfamiliar settings, first within buildings, then in residential neighborhoods, and finally in business communities.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?_（分数：3.00）A.Visual impairment and memory.B.The visually impaired persons physical and social environme
39、nt.C.Mental development of the visually impaired person.D.Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person.(2).The visually impaired persons position in space _.（分数：3.00）A.is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and cluesB.is located in relation to other items in his mental map
40、C.enables him to construct the mental mapD.reinforces the mental map of his surroundings(3).Mobility skills which the visually impaired person is learning refer to the ability _.（分数：3.00）A.to travel as a dependent touristB.to travel as a pedestrian with a companyC.to travel as a pedestrian and a pas
41、sengerD.to travel within the safe physical and social environment(4).In the passage, the author insists that _（分数：3.00）A.visually impaired children go to school for survivalB.the needs and demands of visually impaired children expandC.visually impaired children acquire the fundamental concepts for s
42、afe mobilityD.preschool children receive the instruction in the concepts of time and space or objects and events(5).How can we increase the visually impaired persons ability to travel through his physical and social environment? _（分数：3.00）A.By helping him develop adequate orientation and mobility sk
43、ills.B.By teaching him to learn observational skills.C.By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.D.By improving his visual ability.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Need for Emphasis on TreatmentAIDS programs in developing put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday
44、, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440.000 people in developing countries were receiving treatiment by the end of 2003, the UN health agenc
45、y said in its annual report.“Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,“ the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS p
46、rograms.“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,“ Lee said.“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss, “he added.Ant
47、iretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150.Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling wher
48、e treatment has been made available.Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said.Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mos
49、tly in poor countries.（分数：15.00）(1).Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developin countries? _（分数：3.00）A.They put too little emphasis on treatment.B.They are not receiving any treatment.C.They refuse to be treated.D.They live longer than those in developed countries.(2).The WHO publishes its World Health Report _
