1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The rainfall of the Hawaiian Islands varies tremendously according to their topography and orientation to the prevailing winds. A. seasonably B. surprisingly C. greatly D. inversely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Apple trees need m
2、oisture in order to thrive. A. flower B. flourish C. pollinate D. bend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Every year each household in the United States discards approximately a ton of trash. A. filler B. garbage C. paper D. fuel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The flower bud of a water lily opens at sunset since its opening is t
3、riggered by the decreased light. A. alleviated B. endured C. set off D. covered up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Light rays are turned aside by the intense gravitational field surrounding a black hole. A. heightened B. deflected C. rotated D. created（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The witch hazel plants tolerate poor soil,
4、dust and limited sun. A. suffer from B. survive in C. thrive in D. die from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.In the Mesozoic period, the upward thrust of great rock masses created the Rocky Mountains and the Alps. A. collision B. angle C. push D. erosion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The ambassador was given the book as a tok
5、en of the governments regard for him. A. an estimation B. a share C. a memento D. a preview（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Many factory workers find their jobs tiresome. A. difficult B. pointless C. profitable D. boring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Fine freshwater pearls are found in the main stream and the tributaries of
6、 the Mississippi River. A. banks B. deltas C. branches D. currents（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Tryouts for community orchestras are frequently judged by committees. A. Advertisements B. Auditions C. Performances D. Novelties（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.A turbulent storm was a major factor in the defeat of the Spanish
7、 Armad a.A. noxiousB. violentC. mysteriousD. pathetic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.A series of rifle shots disturbed the tranquility of the camp grounds. A. solidarity B. peacefulness C. equanimity D. propinquity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere,
8、thus forming smog. A. caught B. burned C. dirtied D. covered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Europeans established permanent colonies on the eastern shores of what is now the United States throughout the seventeenth century. A. during B. before C. up until D. just after（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.0
9、0)Japanese Language TodayIf you want proof that the Japanese language is in decline, just Watch a few parliamentary debates and press conferences on Japanese TV. You wont see politicians talking about what can be done to improve language skills among the countrys youth. Rather, youll see government
10、officials misusing their own language.Recently Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi(小泉纯一郎) called himself a person lacking vocabulay. It seems hes governing a nation of such people. Last May a group of university deans announced the results of a survey showing that a majority of Japanese college students hav
11、e difficulty expressing themselves fully and clearly in their own language. Throughout Japan, ling juistic skills have been in a downward spiral for at least a decade. Young people who read less and watch more TV than ever before regularly stumble over old proverbs, miss the subtleties of polite exp
12、ressions and even mistake one written character for another.Japanese is considered one of the worlds most difficult languages. Grammar is complicated, and the meanings of words are multifarious (多种多样). There are also different kinds of written charactersancient Chinese characters known as kanji (日文中
13、的汉字) ,Japanese letters called hiragana and the characters used for foreign words. Many young people struggle with kanji, which are often used to express more ideas. Young people also lack familiarity with Western classics well known to their educated eiders.Many teachers blame video games and televi
14、sion for language problems. Others say that word processors are at fault. To use them, Japanese have to type in Roman letters, then select from a menu of written Japanese and Chinese characters. Since users arent actually writing the words themselves, experts say its easy to forget them. But technol
15、ogy is only part of the problem. Some say the real issue is an isolated generation. Young people nowadays dont seem to have conversion with elders who understand the language better.While Japanese educators havent yet come up with a solution to the language problem, the public does seem ready to tak
16、e action.（分数：7.00）(1).The Japanese government officials are taking measures to stop the decline of Japanese language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Japanese youth are familiar with Western classics well known to their educated elders.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Japanese are
17、at a loss for words.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Japanese languages grammar is complicated.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Japanese students have no time to read and write.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The Japanese government officials dont have a good mastery of t
18、heir own language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Japanese language hs too many loan words, which add to the complexity of the language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Undeniable Mirs achievements B. Rewards following the U. S. financial injection
19、 C. Mirs problem year D. Mir regarded as a complete failure E. Mirs firsts in scientific experiments and space exploration F. A great debt owned to the International Space Station（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph
20、 8 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. everything B. a great success C. a tremendous failure D. nothing E. many firsts F. quite possible（分数：4.00）(1).Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for along time was 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).In Mir, the U. S. astronauts created 1.（分数：1.00）填空项
21、 1:_(3).When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The writer tend to think that Mir was 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Look After Your VoiceOften speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of wat
22、er. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the
23、juice.Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.If you sense that your are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You
24、 may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice.What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you no
25、t to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together proper
26、ly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, “We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the w
27、inter. “Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.（分数：15.00）(1).All the following are mentioned in the passage about how
28、to solve the problem of dry mouths EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.to bite the edges of your tongueB.to ask for a glass of waterC.to imagine you are having a sour fruitD.to take cool milk(2).What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice? _（分数：3.00）A.Rest your voice.B.Drink some alcohol.C.
29、Ask a singer to teach you how to protect your voice.D.Never go to see a doctor.(3).What is the writers advice about alcohol before you give a speech? _（分数：3.00）A.Drink a little of it to feel all-powerful.B.Dont drink it.C.Dilute it with water.D.Drink it two hours beore you make a speec(4).What did G
30、oethe say about skating and swimming? _（分数：3.00）A.He said people could learn to skate when it was hot and swim when it was cold.B.He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was hot.C.He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was cold.D.He said people could learn to skate when it
31、 was cold and swim when it was hot.(5).Why does the writer cite Goethes advice? _（分数：3.00）A.To encourage one to go in for sports.B.To tell that Goethe had a strong willpower.C.To prove one can change ones habits.D.To demonstrate Goethe was creativ六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Corporation Income TaxBusiness c
32、orporations, like individuals, must pay taxes on their income In 1966 the corporation income tax provided 23 percent of all government receipts. By 1983 the figure had dropped to 6.2 percent, but by 1987 it climbed to 10.2 percent.The corporation income tax is often criticized as double taxation(税收)
33、. Not only must the company pay taxes on its profits, but individual shareholders(股东) must also pay personal income taxes on dividend(红利) income. The small stockholder has been given some relief by the provision allowing taxpayers to deduct(扣除) the fist $100 they receive in dividends from their pers
34、onal income. In addition, money that is gained from the increase in the value of stock sold at least six months after its purchase considered a capital gain. The law allows the seller of such stock to pay a lower tax tate on the capital gain. However, gains from stock owned for less than six months
35、are taxed at the rate of regular income.Many business people have complainedprobably with some justificationthat high corporate taxes interfere with their opportunities to reinvest their profits in their businesses. Such interference can hinder(妨碍) the growth and modernization of businesses. Some in
36、dustrial nations that have expanded rapidly in the last 15 years have far lower taxes on corportations than the United States does. Many economists believe that low corporation taxes have been a help in this business expansion.A corporation income tax is based on a corporations annual income after i
37、t has paid its expenses. Dividends to stockholders are not included as expenses. Recent changes in the tax have reduced the rates in order to encourage business investment in research and new capital equipment. The new rates are more progressive, increasing from 15 percent on the first $25,000 of ta
38、xable income to 46 percent on all taxable income above $100,000. The incidence of the tax tends to fall on the stockholders in highly competitive business because shifting the tax to the consumer would raise prices and cut down on sales.（分数：15.00）(1).Double taxation, according to the second paragrap
39、h, includes _.（分数：3.00）A.personal income taxes by shareholders and dividends paid by the companyB.personal income taxes paid by the company on dividends and on its profitsC.taxes paid on the profits of the company and those on personal incomeD.taxes paid on dividends by shareholders and those paid b
40、y the company on its profits(2).Capital gain is from _（分数：3.00）A.increased value of stock sold six months after it is boughtB.increased value of stock sold less than six months after its purchaseC.stock owned for less than six monthsD.stock purchased at a lower price(3).According to the writer, why
41、is the complaint of some businessmen of high corporate taxes can be justified? _（分数：3.00）A.Developed countries have lower corporate taxes.B.Fast growing industrial nations have far lower corporate income taxes.C.High corporate income taxes prevent businesses from growing.D.Low corporate income taxes
42、 prevent businesses from growin(4).The new rates are more progressive in the sense that _（分数：3.00）A.the tax is new and modernB.the rate of tax is higher on larger amount of moneyC.the tax is developing graduallyD.the rate of tax is getting higher and higher(5).If the incidence of the tax is on the c
43、ustomer, _（分数：3.00）A.prices will go downB.there will be stiff competitionC.sales will be reducedD.the customer will be benefited七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffeel late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a
44、 stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4 a. m. , before falling again. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells
45、our body when to sleep and when to wake, “ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medic
46、al Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an
47、 hour to drop off-twice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest t
48、hat melationin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decal drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicinc, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine fro
49、m the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decal after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that _.（分数：3.00）A.melatioin levels need to be raisedB.neurohormone can wake us upC.coffee is a stimulantD.decal is a caffeinated coffee(2).Which of the following tells us how caf
