1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-21 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Kit Carson, an American frontiersman, was one of the most sensational heroes of the Old West. A. exciting B. distracting C. enigmatic D. ostentatious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Scott seized the opportunity to present his proposal
2、 to the director. A. realized B. grasped C. rendered D. delivered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.If wool is submerged in hot water, it tends to shrink. A. smell B. fade C. unravel D. contract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Cameras take the sharpest pictures when they are held still. A. clearest B. fastest C. most interesting
3、 D. most beautiful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.In 1860 Andrew Johnson often risked his life by telling crowds of people that secession from the Union would be harmful. A. theft B. withdrawal C. education D. judgement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Throughout the year 1979, there was a sharply rising rate of inflation in t
4、he United States. A. grimly B. steeply C. constantly D. roughly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Trees, shrubs, flowers, and grass give character and interest to the parks. A. vines B. vegetables C. bushes D. weeds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The most widely seen sculptural work done by Augusta Savage was probably “Lift Eve
5、ry Voice and Sing“ , shown at the 1939-1940 New York worlds fair. A. viewed B. painted C. circulated D. discussed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The community college is the most rapidly growing segment of higher education in the United States. A. core B. idea C. sector D. problem（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Swallows nes
6、t in barns, sheds, chunneys and other secluded places. A. isolated B. high C. comfortable D. rural（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to sense sound waves. A. detect B. amplify C. send D. disguise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The sensation of a “lump in ones thr
7、oat “ arises from an increased flow of blood into the tissues of the pharynx and larynx. A. explanation B. disease C. feeling D. unpleasantness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers secrete a protective oil. A. hide B. warm C. produce D. absorb（
8、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The city of New Orleans showed its appreciation for Eleanor McMains work in social reform by giving her the Times-Picayune award for out-standing service in 1920. A. demonstrated B. published C. repeated D. postponed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In most places, the edges of the continents s
9、lope gradually before making a sharp drop to the ocean floor. A. random B. sudden C. dangerous D. brief（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Bees and ColourOn our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These grey cards are
10、 of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup(果汁) in it, all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away t
11、he watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place.Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards, in spite of the fact that one of the greycards is of exactly the same brig
12、htness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved that they do really see blue as a colour.We can find out in just the same way what other colours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us
13、 as regards their colour-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot disting
14、uish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees; for them it is just dark grey or black.That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colo
15、ur beyond the violet ,invisible to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra violet light , bees can do so; for them ultra-violet is a colour. Thus bees see a colo
16、ur which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.（分
17、数：7.00）(1).The experiment with bees described in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The experiment described i
18、n the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are not able to see grey as a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultra violet as a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The fourth p
19、aragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultra-violet light.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colours in the same way as human beings.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Bees are more sensitive to colours than human beings.（分数：1.
20、00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Colorful life on the campus B. Intelligent student body C. School administration D. Distinguished faculty E. Substantial financial support F. The Harvard of the West（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00
21、）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. they can find the best students B. the universitys academic advancement and physical extension C. some of the most distinguished scholars of the world D. where a sports meet is held every year E. must have been the top stu
22、dents in their class F. must be hardworking（分数：4.00）(1).Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).On the faculty of the university there are 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Finan
23、cial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Double EffectThe Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of
24、 pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect“, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one th
25、at is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefior
26、e Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. “George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintain
27、s that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery,“ he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although t
28、hey risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide. “On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has pro
29、 longed the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “
30、ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying“ as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare b
31、illing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain
32、 their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,“ to the extent that it constitutes“systematic patient abuse.“ He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear, that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension. /（分数：15.00）
33、(1).From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _（分数：3.00）A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients painB.it is still illegal or doctors to help the dying end their livesC.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD.patients have no constitutional right
34、to commit suicide(2).Which of the following statements is true according to the text? _（分数：3.00）A.Doctors will be held guilty it they risk their patients death.B.Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication sho
35、uld be prescribed.D.A doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions.(3).According to the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is _（分数：3.00）A.prolonged medical proceduresB.inadequate treatment of painC.systematic drug abuseD.insufficient hospital care(4).Which of the fol
36、lowing best defines the word “aggressive“ (line 3, paragraph 7)? _（分数：3.00）A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Careless.D.Desperat(5).George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they _.（分数：3.00）A.manage their patients incompetentlyB.give patients more medicine than neededC.reduce drug dosage
37、s for their patientsD.prolong the needless suffering of the patients六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Department StoreA mainstay of retailing in the United States is the department store, a large-scale retailing instituting that has a very broad and deep product assortment(分类),tires not to compete on the basis o
38、f price, and provides a wide array or customer services. Traditional department stores offer a greater variety of merchandise and services than does any other type of retail store. They feature both “soft goods“ such as apparel, sheets, towels, and bedding (寝具)and “hard goods“ including furniture, a
39、ppliances, and consumer electronics. Department stores also attractand satisfyconsumers by offering many customer services. The combination of destinctive, appealing merchandise and numerous customer services is designed to allow the stores to maintain the manufacturerssuggested retail prices. That
40、is, department stores strive to charge “full“ or “nondiscounted“ (不打折扣的) prices.Department stores face mounting problems, however, Largely due to their prime locations and customer services, their operation expenses are considerably higher than those of most other kinds of retail business. Many manu
41、facturersbrands that used to be available exclusively thorough department stores are now widely distributed and often carry discounted prices in other outlets. And the quality of personal service, especially knowledgeable sales help, has deteriorated in some department stores.Intense horizontal comp
42、etition is also hurting department stores. Other types of retailers are aiming at consumers who have long supported department stores. Speciality stores, off price retailers, and even some discount houses have been particularly aggressive in trying to lure shoppers sway from department stores. To va
43、rying degrees retail chains compete against department stores.Consequently, many department stores have modified their target markets or elements of their marketing mixes. The May Department Stores Company has targeted middle-income consumers, rejecting high-priced European designer lines and instea
44、d concentrating on fashionable apparel with moderate prices. Penneys dropped three lines of hard goodshome electronics, sporting goods, and photographic equipment. Penneys, Wards, and Sears are all converting their very large stores into a collection of limited-line “superstores“.Some department sto
45、res are also trying to be more price-competitive. Most notably, in 1989 Sears abandoned its practice of promoting temporarily reduced prices and adopted a strategy of “everyday low prices“. With this policy, prices will always be lower than or as low as competitors.（分数：15.00）(1).In traditional depar
46、tment store customers can find _.（分数：3.00）A.all kinds of servicesB.all kinds of merchandiseC.household electrical appliancesD.only clothes and bedding(2).According to the third paragraph, how many problems does department stores face? _（分数：3.00）A.Only two.B.Only one.C.Only three.D.Only four.(3).In t
47、his passage, “horizontal competition“ refers to _（分数：3.00）A.competition between department stores and other kinds of retailing businessB.relying on discount retailing and advertising extensivelyC.competition between different department storesD.competition between different retail chains(4).The meas
48、ures taken by department stores include all of the following except _.（分数：3.00）A.reducing original lines of goodsB.rejecting rich customersC.selling goods at “everyday low prices“D.refocusing target markets(5).The passage suggests strongly that _.（分数：3.00）A.pricing is a crucial issue to retailersB.s
49、uccessful retailers always sell goods at very low pricesC.successful retailers always target middle-income customersD.successful retailers generally sell fashionable goods七、第三篇(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、第 5部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Public RelationsPublic relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company,
