1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The Constitutions vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.（分数：1.00）A.impreciseB.conciseC.unpolishedD.elementary2.The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.（分数：
2、1.00）A.top of the mountainB.bottom of the mountainC.starting pointD.site3.Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment.（分数：1.00）A.acceptableB.conservativeC.westernD.conventional4.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be de
3、liberately controlled and modified.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientlyB.noticeablyC.intentionallyD.absolutely5.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.legalB.irresistibleC.enjoyableD.profitable6.The latest census is encouraging.（分数：1.00）A.countB.statementC.agreementD.estimate7.His new girlfriend had omitted to
4、tell him that she was married.（分数：1.00）A.forgottenB.failedC.deletedD.left out8.It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area.（分数：1.00）A.noticeablyB.remarkablyC.particularlyD.significantly9.While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s, Barbara Jord
5、an supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems.（分数：1.00）A.listB.forbidC.handleD.investigate10.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.targetsD.stimuli11.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endanger
6、edD.rescued12.Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous.（分数：1.00）A.unheard ofB.unacceptableC.unbelievableD.ridiculous13.They always mock me because I am ugly.（分数：1.00）A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleD.laugh at14.Academic records from other institutions often become part of a universitys off
7、icial file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.（分数：1.00）A.borrowedB.purchasedC.copiedD.rewritten15.Loud noises can be annoying.（分数：1.00）A.hatefulB.painfulC.horrifyingD.irritating二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Food and Cancer/BMedical exper
8、ts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a persons chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American Natio
9、nal Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central
10、Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer
11、 rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills that had no
12、effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called -carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in tho
13、se who took -carotene, vitamin E and selenium. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat
14、 foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the .results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and
15、 other small towns in China.（分数：7.00）(1).The results of the new study are unexpected.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The study lasted for about fiv
16、e years.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian.（分数：1.00）A.A.
17、 Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概
18、括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Screen Test/B1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be tre
19、ated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings
20、 a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulat
21、ive dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The
22、 model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Vale
23、ncia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be expo
24、sed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique“ for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interp
25、reted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.“（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.
26、00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Early discovery of breast cancer may _A. be costly（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Advantages of screening women under 50 are _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Delaying the age at which screening starts may _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Radiation exposure
27、 should be _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Adaptation of Living Things/BCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environments better than others of their kind.
28、This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that
29、are better fitted to their environments.Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green
30、 leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hi
31、dden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their stru
32、cture, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually ada
33、ptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.（分数：15.00）(1).Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may（分数：3.00）A.help
34、others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.B.survive even in extremely severe conditions.C.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.(2).In the first paragraph, the word “environments
35、“ could best be replaced by（分数：3.00）A.contexts.B.surroundings.C.neighbors.D.enemies.(3).It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored（分数：3.00）A.to frighten its enemies.B.to attract its enemies.C.to adjust its body heat.D.to match its environment.(4).Which of the follow
36、ing is not directly mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.(5).The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals
37、in order to show that a living thing may have the ability（分数：3.00）A.to create an environment of its own.B.to remain still when an enemy is near.C.to make food from inorganic chemicals.D.to change the color of its skin.B第二篇/BB FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce/BThe biggest food safety risk f
38、or fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday.More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamin
39、ation.The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for US and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as Using soap to wash their hands, covering wou
40、nds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets.The FDA guidelines identified “the major source of contamination“ for fresh produce as human or animal feces.“We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,“ said an
41、FDA official. “It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly. “But grower groups disagreed with the FDAs assessment. “Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing the
42、ir hands,“ said Stacey Zawal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. “That is not necessarily true for growers and packers. “Some US grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with on- farm practices. 8 Others object to the FDAs proposal to hav
43、e growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary.Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law to But stricter regulations could evolve as res
44、earchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said.The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by US and foreign growers. The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky but FDA
45、 officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce.（分数：15.00）(1).“Food-borne diseases“ in this essay means those diseases（分数：3.00）A.which people get by eating fruits and vegetables which have been polluted.B.which people get by eating too many kinds of food.C.which many kinds
46、of fruit get when polluted by feces.D.which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean.(2).Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by（分数：3.00）A.growers lack of attention to personal hygiene.B.lack of effective guidelines.C.the FDAs decision to impor
47、t more foreign fruits and vegetables.D.people involved in distributing fresh produce.(3).An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice（分数：3.00）A.would be too costly to be effective.B.would not cost any money.C.would not be very expensive.D.would need lots of money.(4).Consumer group
48、s criticized the FDA guidelines because they didnt think that these guidelines（分数：3.00）A.had won enough support from the growers.B.had been written with enough attention to details.C.would surely be carried out.D.included state-of-the-art technology.(5).The last paragraph suggests that（分数：3.00）A.som
49、e tricks need to be adopted to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.B.a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.C.foreign growers consider the guidelines to be of great importance to them.D.it is almost impossible to ask foreign growers to follow the guidelines.B第
