1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.（分数：1.00）A.effectiveB.cleverC.implausibleD.original2.It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.（分数：1.00）A.pulled downB.rebuilt
2、C.renovatedD.whitewashed3.It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.（分数：1.00）A.unforgettableB.unbelievableC.unfairD.unthinkable4.He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.（分数：1.00）A.hot-temperedB.healthyC.friendlyD.patient5.Reading the job ad, h
3、e wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent6.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.（分数：1.00）A.resumedB.put an end toC.suspendedD.re-scheduled7.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on prev
4、iously.（分数：1.00）A.adhered toB.abandonedC.appliedD.adopted8.The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.（分数：1.00）A.simply uselessB.really practicalC.very littleD.extremely useful9.The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.（分数：1.00）A.efficientB.respectableC.well-informedD.r
5、espectful10.The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.（分数：1.00）A.reasonableB.sensibleC.crazyD.unbelievable11.In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.（分数：1.00）A.extremely thoroughB.long and boringC.superficialD.unconvincing12.Examination papers o
6、f the class were marked without bias.（分数：1.00）A.immediatelyB.correctlyC.fairlyD.carefully13.The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.wordedC.anxiousD.unhappy14.The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.（分数：1.00
7、）A.delayedB.quickC.positiveD.unfavorable15.He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.（分数：1.00）A.long and detailedB.short and clearC.comprehensiveD.professional二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Canc
8、er/BExercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has b
9、een found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive. The growth is fed by the levels of est
10、rogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.Researchers at Brigham Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more th
11、an one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as lik
12、ely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the us
13、e of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.And now we have more to tell you about our subject - resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped
14、fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance - again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill te
15、sts4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biologys appeared in the journal Cell.（分数：7.00）(1).Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Estrogen may c
16、ontribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The way red
17、meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently
18、found that causes a breast cancer to develop.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Any kind of wine contains resveratrol.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求
19、从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women/B1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception, provided they see a doctor regularly, new study findings suggest.2. World Health Organization guidelines cu
20、rrently state that, in general, HIV-infected women should avoid IUDs. “Those guidelines were essentially made on theoretical concerns, and there are really very little data on what contraceptive is appropriate for HIV-infected women,“ said the lead author Dr. Charles S. Morrison in North Carolina.3.
21、 Morrison and colleagues gathered information on IUD-related complications at 1, 4 and 24 months after placement of the device in 636 women living in Nairobi, Kenya. Of these women, 156 had HIV infection. Participating physicians did not know the patients HIV status. There was “little difference in
22、any side effects in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that the IUD is likely an appropriate method for HIV-infected women,“ Morrison said. “This is an important issue, because there are now 16 million women living with HIV and a lot of them have a critical need for co
23、ntraception,“ he added.4. The researchers did find that women with infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia at the studys outset were at increased risk of IUD complications, confirming current guidelines suggesting that women with sexually transmitted diseases not use IUDs.5. In addition, there was
24、 no difference in the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding8, at the beginning of the study compared with 4 months after the IUD was inserted, the researchers reported in the August issue of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conversely,
25、 some studies have shown a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives.6. “What this study suggests is that you need to avoid IUD use in women with a cervical infection but not women with HIV infection,“ Morrison said. “Women with cervical infections are a
26、t increased risk of complications; women with HIV infection are not.“（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to current guidelines, women should not use IUDs _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Curren
27、t guidelines barely recommend _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).From both current guidelines and the new study we may conclude _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The new study maintains that the IUD is a safe contraceptive method for HIV-infected women _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后
28、面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Diseases of Agricultural Plants/BPlants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack whea
29、t. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there coul
30、d soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some p
31、lants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole regio
32、n or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.Plant pathologists have made re
33、markable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut o
34、r rust. Frequently such a primary infection8 will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from9 its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a pri
35、mary virus infection.（分数：15.00）(1).How many diseases are known to attack wheat?（分数：3.00）A.Around 30,000.B.Around 140.C.Around 29,960.D.Around 40.(2).According to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?（分数：3.00）A.A world war.B.Border conflicts.C.Rations
36、 of grain and meat.D.Social upheavals.(3).What is the main idea of the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them.B.The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.C.A blight killed
37、virtually every chestnut tree in North America.D.A blight may be a national infection.(4).According to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by（分数：3.00）A.killing parasites.B.inoculation.C.killing insects.D.improving growing conditions.(5).Which of the following statements is not true?（分数
38、：3.00）A.Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B.Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C.Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus.D.Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.B第二篇/BB Obesity/BObesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body
39、fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too muc
40、h fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.Most physicians use the body mass index (BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.Weight-height tables, such as those published by the
41、 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges3. These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height. For example, a man of 1.8 m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range
42、between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62 kg.The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have
43、a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more than fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of he
44、art disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk
45、of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable
46、. Stereotypes about “fat“ people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be “thin“ are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of
47、 exaggerated slimness. （分数：15.00）(1).What is obesity?（分数：3.00）A.Obesity is having fat tissue under the skin.B.Obesity is having fat tissue around organs.C.Obesity is being too fat.D.Obesity is having good health.(2).If we say that “fat is critical for good health,“ we mean that（分数：3.00）A.fat people
48、should be criticized.B.fat is very important for people to keep healthy.C.people should be fat if they want to be healthy.D.having much fat in the body is certainly associated with health problems.(3).If a woman is 1.6m tall and weighs 49 kg, she（分数：3.00）A.is considered within the desirable weight-h
49、eight range.B.is definitely unhealthy.C.should be considered fat.D.should not be considered unhealthy.(4).A heavy man（分数：3.00）A.certainly has a lot of fat in him.B.usually has a sedentary-lifestyle.C.certainly has a lot muscle in him.D.may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat.(5).According to this article, fat people may be（分数：3.
