1、阅读理解-练习十九及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Gambling, despite being a well known highly risky pursuit that has caused many tragedies, does not scare gamblers away; instead, many consciously join the legion of gamblers, in spite of possible failure in store for them.How does a gambler g
2、et bogged down in such a risky occupation? Most novices do not embrace an ambition to get rich through gambling. Instead, they might think gambling is merely an exciting game through which they can try their luck and bring excitement to their dull lives. Often, they win a small sum at the first seve
3、ral tries, and then became bold, daring to play for larger stakes. With certain encouraging “achievements“, they are now confident of their good luck and gambling skill. At this point, they are at a crossroads: a step forward to become a professional gambler, or a step backward to return to normal l
4、ife.Unfortunately, most of them get bogged down in gambling, because the greedy notion of getting something for nothing is their underlying motive. Openly, they deny that they have such a shameful motive, but in the recesses of their soul, there is an undeniable ambition to get great sums of money t
5、hrough gambling. However, Ive never heard of any myth about a person who got wealth and prestige through gambling. Instead, Ive heard many true stories about gamblers who ended their lives in misery. Once a person gets bogged down in gambling, it is rather hard for him to tear himself away from that
6、 evil. Throughout history, few gamblers have ever repented about gambling, which led them to tragedy-failure in business, destitution, family disintegration, divorce, suicide, crime, etc.What should a person do to get rid of such a nightmare? It is very easy. To prevent getting involved in gambling,
7、 the most effective means is to stop at the first try. It is easy for any intelligent person to stop at the first try but it is also easy for a person of weak will to receive an “invitation“ to have a try. The novice often finds an excuse for the first try, thinking or murmuring, “This is the only a
8、nd the last try.“ In most cases, the novice will not stop at the first try-he will try again, and finally he will become an addict.A “vindictive“ psychology drives these new gamblers to be entrapped in gambling houses. As they lose some money, they get angry and try to “avenge“ themselves, so that t
9、hey play for higher stakes and lose more, until they sell all they have to get money and go back to the gambling house. Finally, they have debts beyond their capacity to pay. To dodge their debtors, they have to hide or escape, or take risky and criminal actions, for example, killing or threatening
10、the debtors. Many gamblers end their lives in jail.（分数：5.00）(1).Whats the meaning of“in store for them“ in Paragraph 1 ?（分数：1.00）A.Something (especially dangerous) is impending and would occur at any moment.B.Something is accumulated or stored for future use.C.Something is waiting for them.D.Somethi
11、ng would arise gradually and unnoticeably.(2).According to the author, gambling known as a highly risky field still attracts so many crazy gamblers is NOT because（分数：1.00）A.some people first treat it as an entertainment but gradually become an addict.B.they are attempted by surroundings.C.many have
12、a motive to be rich through gambling.D.gamblers find it difficult to constrain or wipe out gambling desir(3).From history, the psychological reason for a gamblers failure in everything is（分数：1.00）A.their refusal to feel regret for gambling.B.their weak will.C.their greedy desire.D.their addictive ha
13、bit.(4).In the last paragraph, a vindictive psychology actually refers to（分数：1.00）A.sense of unfairness for their fate.B.sense of anger for their lucklessness.C.envious feeling about lucky gamblers.D.desire of taking revenge for themselves.(5).The author wrote this essay to（分数：1.00）A.analyze gambler
14、s psychological reason of gambling.B.criticize gamblers and gambling.C.warn gamblers to stay away from gambling.D.introduce the history of gamblin二、Text B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)It was a cold, rainy and wholly miserable afternoon in Washington, and a hot muggy night in Miami. It was Sunday, and three games w
15、ere played in the two cities. The people playing them and the people watching them tell us much about the ever changing ethnic structure of the United States.Professional football in the United States is almost wholly played by native born American citizens, mostly very large and very strong, many o
16、f them black. It is a game of physical strength. Linemen routinely weigh more than 300 pounds. Players are valued for their weight and muscles, for how fast they can run, and how hard they can hit each other. Football draws the biggest crowds, but the teams play only once a week, because they get so
17、 battered.The 67,204 fans were in Miami for the final game of the baseball World Series. Baseball was once Americas favorite game, but has lost that claim to basketball. Baseball is a game that requires strength, but not hugeness. Agility, quickness, perfect vision and quick reaction are more import
18、ant than pure strength. Baseball was once a purely American game, but has spread around much of the New World. In that Sundays final, the final hit of the extra inning game was delivered by a native of Columbia. The Most Valuable Player in the game was a native of Cuba. The rosters of both teams wer
19、e awash with Hispanic names, as is Miami, which now claims the World Championship is a game that may be losing popularity in America, but has gained it in much of the rest of the world. Baseball in America has taken on a strong Hispanic flavor, with a dash of Japanese added for seasoning.Soccer, whi
20、ch many countries just call football, is the most widely enjoyed sport in the world. In soccer, which many countries just call football, the ethnic tide has been the reverse of baseballs. Until recently, professional soccer in the United States has largely been an import, played by South Americans a
21、nd Europeans. Now, American citizens in large numbers are finally taking up the most popular game in the world.Basketball, an American invention increasingly played around the world these days, draws large crowds back home. Likewise, hockey, a game largely imported to the United States from neighbor
22、ing Canada. Lacrosse, a version of which was played by Native Americans before the Europeans arrived, is also gaining a keen national following. Sports of all kinds are winning support from American armchair enthusiasts from a variety of ethnic backgrounds.（分数：4.00）(1).Who play professional football
23、 in the United States?（分数：1.00）A.Native born American citizens.B.Europeans.C.South Americans.D.Hispanics.(2).What is now Americas favorite game?（分数：1.00）A.Baseball.B.Basketball.C.HockeyD.Soccer.(3).Which of the following statements about soccer is true?（分数：1.00）A.In soccer and basketball, the ethnic
24、 tide is different.B.Until recently, soccer becomes an important game, so many native Americans play it.C.It is the most popular game in the world, so many American citizens take up it.D.Although soccer is the most popular game in the world, American citizens in large numbers do not like it first.(4
25、).The author of the passage wants to tell that（分数：1.00）A.Americans like sports and sports reveal much about the changing ethnic structure of the United States.B.in Washington, several games are played in one day.C.Americans like all kinds of games.D.the American games are watched by native Americans
26、 and played by people from different countries.三、Text C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many dont stop at 100. By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet ol
27、d people arent alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial so
28、cieties become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great great grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?“ most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, pe
29、rhaps at age 80.“ The very youngest estimate was age 60.What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to
30、 stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experiences: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life a
31、s a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?“ he asks. Oh, hes slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations
32、 of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution free. This reduced oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great exten
33、t, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grand parents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.Finally, although these t
34、hree groups dont eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilcabambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.It is clear that isolation from urban
35、pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.（分数：4.00）(1).The description of Mr. Rustam Mamedov is（分数：1.00）A.an example of a typical long life among
36、these people.B.an example of an unusual long life among these people.C.an explanation of why he is still healthy.D.an explanation of what way of life we should tak(2).The subject of Paragraph 7 is（分数：1.00）A.isolation.B.inherited factors.C.food and diet.D.animal meat.(3).This article concludes that_c
37、ontribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples.（分数：1.00）A.moderate dietsB.clean mountain airC.daily hard workD.all the above factors(4).How do you think the author feels about these long-lived people?（分数：1.00）A.He is impressed with them.B.He doesnt care.C.He doesnt like them.D.He cares littl
38、e about them.四、Text D(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A university student in Nairobi, Kenya, was stopped for a traffic violation the other day. The policeman took out his ticket book and asked, “What tribe are you?“ In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the rec
39、eptionists desk and asked, “What tribe is he?“ When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, “Then Ill never get the job.“This phenomenon is called tribalism. There are more than 2,000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, names, and phys
40、ical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or old fashioned customs.However, to most Africans, t
41、ribalism simply means very strong loyalty to ones ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group. To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong; it
42、 is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, and authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion-from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manag
43、er-within a very short time.Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions. Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day to day African life. As evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Kenya, President Jomo Kenyattas Kikuyu tribe controlled business and politics. Eight of
44、the 21 cabinet posts, including the most important four, were filled by Kikuyus. In Uganda in the same year, the Presidents small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions. In Angola, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained
45、by disagreements among tribes.One country that has largely avoided tribal problems is Tanzania. Some observers say this is partly because Tanzania has so many tribes (about 120) that none has been able to become a major force.（分数：4.00）(1).Why did the applicant reply “Then Ill never get the job“?（分数：
46、1.00）A.Because he was a Mashona.B.Because he was not a Mashona.C.Because he could do the job.D.Because he had no such ability.(2).The two situations in Paragraph 1 are examples of（分数：1.00）A.typical young men in Africa.B.unusual problems.C.the importance of tribalism.D.the application of jo(3).In Par
47、agraph 4, how many examples are there “as evidence of tribalism“?（分数：1.00）A.Three.B.Two.C.One.D.Four.(4).In the last paragraph (about 120) is in parentheses to show（分数：1.00）A.that it is unimportant.B.how many tribes there are.C.that it is a large number.D.how many people there ar五、Text E(总题数：1，分数：3.
48、00)When people communicate face to face, they convey information in several ways apart from by the words they use. Thus, how often they make eye contact and how long they sustain that contact can indicate their degree of intimacy, interest in or understanding of what they are communicating verbally.
49、 Their posture-the way they sit or stand-can reveal attention, interest, disagreement or boredom. The distance they sit or stand from one another and the angle at which they do also can suggest friendship, hostility or respect. These and other forms of nonverbal communication are so pervasive that we usually scarcely notice them. Their importance quickly becomes apparent, however, when for some reason they are lacking or unclear.One occasion when most people notice the importance of nonverbal communication is when they are talking on the telephone. There is an u
