1、阅读理解-练习十三及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Representatives of Callahan Media Associates (CMA) announced today that the news agency would attempt to buy the National Broadcasting System (NBS), the second largest television and radio network in the United States. Ronald Callahan, son of
2、 Jessica Callahan, who started CMA, told reporters that he expects his companys offering price to be high enough to win out over other offers. He indicated that NBS executives had already discussed reorganization plans that might result from a CMA takeover.A native of the United Kingdom, Jessica Cal
3、lahan began to buy newspapers, magazines, and radio stations in the United States eight years ago, and CMA now owns or controls more than fifteen news organizations here. Before she became a leader in media in this country, she had established her family-owned company as one of the most important fo
4、rces in British TV and newspapers. Callahan started her news career more than twenty-five years ago, and she had worked as a reporter on three different papers when she took the job of editor of Englands Birmingham Herald (伯明翰先驱报), a newspaper that had been experiencing financial difficulties for se
5、veral years. Her success in raising the news reporting standards as well as making the Herald into a profitable business gained Callahan the attention and respect of the British news establishment. By the time she was 35, she had become a publisher and started CMA, which is now one of the largest me
6、dia organizations in the world.Callahan had never visited the United States before she came to Miami and became the publisher of the Miami Journal almost eight years ago, but she had been reading the newspaper for several years, and she said that she liked the papers style. After she had owned the J
7、ournal for just over a year, she bought a small radio station in Georgia, and in the next five years she went on to acquire news organizations in several different parts of the country.If CMA becomes the owner of NBS, for the first time it will have control over a nationwide TV network. In an interv
8、iew last week, Philip Rosen, the president of NBS, said that he was not very happy about the purchase. He agreed that Callahan and CMA had done a lot to help American newspapers become more financially secure, but he expressed fears that the new management was going to make news coverage on NBS irre
9、sponsible. He stated that he hoped he could remain with NBS but said that this might not be possible.（分数：4.00）(1).The writer thinks that CMAs offer to buy the National Broadcasting System is probably（分数：1.00）A.the only one.B.a good one.C.unacceptably low.D.of great competition.(2).Jessica Callahan c
10、aptured the confidence of the press after she became the editor of Birmingham Herald because（分数：1.00）A.she was experienced.B.she had strong financial background.C.since then it started to make money.D.she enjoyed good popularity.(3).The attitude of NBS top executive toward the CMA takeover was that（
11、分数：1.00）A.he was opposed to the purchase.B.he hoped the takeover would not affect the systems fame.C.he was afraid NBS would suffer serious financial loss.D.he could not leave his present position.(4).Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Jessica Callahan-a Success
12、ful WomanB.CMA-from Britain to USAC.CMA Buying NBS?D.CMAs Attractive Offer to NBS二、Text B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)It is a favorable thing to look back at some of the reforms which have long been an accepted part of our life, and to examine the opposition, usually bitter and very strange, sometimes dishonest b
13、ut all too often honest, which had to be countered by the restless advocates of “grandmotherly“ law.The reforms treated in this book are not the well-known measures-like the abolition of slavery, the reform of Parliament, the vote of women-which are recorded in the standard history books. Here are s
14、ome of the less familiar struggles which, with one or two exceptions, social historians have tended to dismiss briefly. Yet these old controversies give no less revealing an insight into the minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century. The pulse of a generation can be take
15、n just as effectively by considering its attitudes to the marrying of dead wives sisters, to the fetching of fathers beer or even to the sweeping of chimneys. Some of the reforms dealt with were carried out within living memory; none is older than the nineteenth century. They have been selected for
16、the variety of their background and for the fertility (state of being fertile) and stimulus of the opposition against them.Misguided and completely unreasonable though some of this opposition now appears, it is doubtful whether it will seem any more peculiar, one hundred years hence, than some of th
17、e reasons we produce today for continual hardship and injustice. Our ancestors thought it strange that wives should wish to keep their own earnings; our descendants may be astonished at our system which forces a man to maintain a woman, sometimes for life, after a hopeless marriage has been disrupte
18、d. It is likely that our descendants will derive as much heartless fun from thought of our divorce laws, and the reasons we use to defend them. They may also think that the indifference of the nineteenth century to death and suffering in the mills was fully matched by that of the twentieth century t
19、o death and suffering on the highways.（分数：4.00）(1).The author says of the reforms we take for granted that（分数：1.00）A.it is good to look at the arguments against them.B.it is good that they have been accepted.C.they were healthier than we now appreciate.D.we should study the alternativ(2).The trouble
20、 with the people who were against reforms in the past was that（分数：1.00）A.they were well-meaning in too many cases.B.all of them were too frequently sincere.C.they could only be successfully opposed by lawyers.D.they were nervous.(3).As regards different generations attitudes, perhaps（分数：1.00）A.our d
21、escendants opposition to reforms will be as absurd as ours.B.our ancestors objections to reforms will seem justified to our descendants.C.our case against reforms is even blinder than our ancestors.D.our arguments against reforms are as unreasonable as our ancestors.(4).The author believes that in t
22、he future people will be surprised that in our present society（分数：1.00）A.men are expected to keep their wives even after a marriage has broken down.B.men have to pay money to their wives even after separation.C.women do not share their husbands earnings.D.women expect to be supported by their men.三、
23、Text C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Some Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading
24、procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and also city without violence.“ So far, action t
25、o improve womens opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,“ says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who
26、 constitute 52 percent of Italys population, today represent only 35 percent of Italys total workforce and 33 percent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workforce is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public admi
27、nistration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall unemployment. It i
28、s also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgements on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engine
29、ers and university professors increased two to threefold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers, and street cleaners.However, the present situation is far from being satisfactory though some prog
30、ress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.There are more women than men in Italy.B.In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.C.In Italy women are still at
31、disadvantage in employment.D.In Italy about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.(2).The expression “snake through central Rome“ (Paragraph 1) probably means（分数：1.00）A.“to move quietly through central Rome“.B.“to move violently through central Rome“.C.“to move in a long winding line through centra
32、l Rome“.D.“to move at a leisurely pace through central Rome“.(3).The authors attitude toward womens demand for equal job opportunities is（分数：1.00）A.supportive.B.sarcastic.C.reproachful.D.indifferent.(4).A suitable title for this passage is（分数：1.00）A.The Role of Women in Society.B.Women as Self-emplo
33、yed Professionals.C.Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment.D.Women and the Job Market.四、Text D(总题数：1，分数：4.00)One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. Its shrilling clamor dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television scre
34、ens and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the road-side billboards all day and flashes messages to us in colored lights at night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man n
35、o less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.Advertising has been among Englands biggest growing industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrate achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?Perhaps the answer is that advertising sa
36、ves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of m
37、an-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they finished it, by pretending that it gives status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising a
38、gency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover (养尊处优).Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate changes. The ideal product is one or another, some alteration seems called for-how much better to change the image, the p
39、acket or the pitch (促销宣传) made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage modern advertising is “authoritative“ because of the way it（分数：1.00）A.influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like.B.interfere
40、s with the privacy of home life.C.continually forces us into buying things.D.distracts us no matter where we travel.(2).The form of advertising which has best succeeded in giving personal status on the individual makes use of（分数：1.00）A.colored lights of all night.B.roadside billboards.C.the postal s
41、ervice.D.the wall space beside escalators.(3).Advertisers are appreciated by manufacturers because they（分数：1.00）A.advise them on ways of giving a product customer-appeal.B.accept responsibility for giving a product customer-appeal.C.advise them on the best time to go ahead with production.D.consult
42、them during the design and development stages.(4).According to the passage customers are attracted to a product because it appears to（分数：1.00）A.have a sufficiently attractive design.B.offer good value for money.C.fulfill the manufacturers claims.D.satisfy their personal needs.五、Text E(总题数：1，分数：4.00)
43、Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire“ is one instance; another is the rise of despots (暴君) like Hitler. Both these examples also po
44、int up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a s
45、trategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect.Another reason which is true is that pupils often delve somewhat into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred
46、 to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies, science matters of hea
47、lth and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom. these are a few of the fertile fields for the children in inculcation (循循善诱) of proper emotional reactions.However, when children go to school-with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajolin
48、g or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same
49、way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading, and all-day trips.Finally a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.（分数：4.00）(1).The central idea conveyed in the passage is that（分数：1.00）A.attitudes affect our actions.B.teachers play a signi
