1、阅读理解-练习二十三及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. They may
2、 even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remark about the friends parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenagers, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or peo
3、ple they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment (幻想破灭) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as indiv
4、iduals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief t
5、heir children usually have in their character and infallibility (一贯正确), and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment
6、, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.The teenager, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cant forgive i
7、s the parents refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.Victorian (维多利亚时代的) parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know h
8、ow they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, when the children praise
9、the homes of their friends, their parents do NOT tend to（分数：1.00）A.be sad.B.speak bad words about the friends parents.C.praise with them.D.regard the praise as a slur on their own hom(2).In Paragraph 2, by “high ideal“, the author means（分数：1.00）A.the realistic evaluation.B.childrens strong belief in
10、 their parents character and infallibility.C.the parents preparation for the adolescent reaction.D.parents being good and adequat(3).According to the passage, what cant be accepted by the teenager?（分数：1.00）A.The parents ignorance.B.His own slur.C.The parents refusal to admit their mistakes.D.His res
11、entment to his parents.(4).In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude“ may mean（分数：1.00）A.not caring what their childrens behavior.B.stating no reason for their attitude.C.drawing back from their unreasonable authoritarian attitude.D.covering thems
12、elves with an unreasonable strict attitud(5).According to the passage, which statement is true?（分数：1.00）A.The children may forgive their parents at all times.B.The parents realize that they are responsible for the secretiveness of their children.C.If the parents act improperly, their children would
13、always regard themselves as the most ideal.D.The children would respect their parents as long as they admit their wrong doings二、Text B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The CBI will this week announce a Think British campaign aimed at cutting imports and stimulating home industries. The man behind the move is Sir Derek
14、 Ezra, chairman of the National Coal Board, who has persuaded the CBIs council that firms can buy British supplies without paying more for their patriotism.The target of a conference the CBI is calling early in the New Year will be the 50 biggest manufacturing companies in the private sector and 16
15、leading firms in distribution who together spend 35bn a year.Sir Derek says, “By actively pursuing a policy on the line I have described they could have a major impact in stimulating industrial competitiveness and growth.“ Nationalized industries have already switched up to 100m worth of their buyin
16、g from foreign suppliers to British firms in the past year.In a paper which went to the CBI council last week, Sir Derek produced figures to demonstrate how, by hunting out suppliers who were prepared to co-operate closely in developing equipment and materials at the right quality and price, the nat
17、ionalized enterprises have succeeded in getting what they want and in boosting Britains exports.The NCB itself, at the same time as cutting back the import content of its annual 1,000m worth of purchases to 2.6%, has helped the British mining equipment industry to raise its exports from 26m to 129m
18、in two years. The public enterprises together, who spent up to 10bn on goods and services each year, have cut the amount they buy abroad from 4.3% to 3.4% over the past year.Sir Derek emphasizes that this has not been done by sacrificing profitability. But, Debenhams, one of the handful of retail ch
19、ains who have been pursing a similar policy, says that it has had to accept a cut in its own margins so far to make it work. The chain has replaced 25m worth of Italian shirts and socks by British products during the past nine months.（分数：4.00）(1).One of the aims of Think British campaign is to（分数：1.
20、00）A.cut exports.B.stimulate imports.C.develop new products.D.encourage domestic industries.(2).Which of the following is true about nationalized industries?（分数：1.00）A.They bought 100m of British supplies in the past year.B.They bought 129m of foreign supplies in the past year.C.They bought 1,000m o
21、f British supplies in the past year.D.They bought 26m of foreign supplies in the past year.(3).The British mining equipment industry is（分数：1.00）A.privately owned.B.publicly owned.C.jointly owned.D.internationally owne(4).The word “this“ (final paragraph) refers to（分数：1.00）A.the public sector.B.the T
22、hink British campaign.C.the British mining equipment industry.D.reduced purchases of foreign goods.三、Text C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on tho
23、se who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing someth
24、ing about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for
25、 environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the
26、difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead
27、 the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective and make the objective decisions. We must express
28、 our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between envir
29、onment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution doll
30、ars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：4.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because（分数：1.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing.B.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economi
31、c interests.C.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it.D.it is difficult for them to take effective measures.(2).The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is（分数：1.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion.B.to
32、 arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection.C.to take radical measures to control environmental pollution.D.to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards.(3).The word “tunnel-versioned“ (Paragraph 4) most probably means（分数：1.00）A.narrow-minded.B.blind
33、 to the facts.C.short-sighted.D.able to see only one aspect.(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?（分数：1.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industrys understanding and support.C.The efforts of enviro
34、nmental health professionals.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.四、Text D(总题数：1，分数：3.00)Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and things would never be the same again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes to ruin her life.
35、The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast, it wasnt long before the whole of Britain knew what had happened in the Queen Victoria-Dirty Den,
36、the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistake-a little youthful stupidity. Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up fo
37、r a soap opera-as actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role. Even though shed never had an experience like it hers
38、elf, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap opera.Susan says that she never became involved with men during her school years because of
39、 her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys. While they went out to discuss about parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.“I dont feel as though Ive missed out
40、on anything,“ she insists. “And unlike a lot of my friends, Ive got plenty to look forward to. Thats whats so nice about my boyfriend now. Its very comfortable and theres lots to find out about each other.“Its then that I feel sad for Michelle. When she should be going out and having fun, shes havin
41、g to worry about whether shes going to breastfeed the baby. Shes had to say goodbye to being a teenage./（分数：3.00）(1).How did Susan avoid the dangers that many of her school friends faced?（分数：1.00）A.By thinking of Michelle as her younger sister.B.By doing many projects at home.C.By working hard at sc
42、hool and at the TV studio.D.By dating her boyfriend during her school years.(2).According to the passage, Susan Tully is sorry for Michelle because Michelle has to（分数：1.00）A.grow old quickly.B.catch up on her schoolwork.C.write many letters every day.D.work late in the evenin(3).The best title for t
43、his passage is（分数：1.00）A.Sorry for Susan Tully.B.Sorry for Michelle.C.Susans School Years.D.Susans Hopes and Dreams.五、Text E(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earths surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases
44、 as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is ver
45、y small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthqua
46、ke in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthqu
47、akes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of exp
48、erts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of
49、 the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanes
