1、阅读理解-练习七及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Test 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Congressional Democrats and union officials said yesterday that a National Academy of Sciences report to be released today about workplace injuries stressed the need for the ergonomics regulations that President Clinton
2、issued two months ago.The new report, “Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace,“ found that about one million injuries were caused each year by repetitive motions on the job or by other work-related ergonomic factors. The report, which Congress ordered two years ago, said a conservative estimate
3、 of the cost of such injuries was $ 50 billion a year.Republicans and business groups also seized on the new report, saying it provided little justification for Mr. Clintons new ergonomics rules. Some corporate groups estimated that the new rules would cost $120 billion to carry out, while the Occup
4、ational Safety and Health Administration put the cost at $ 4.5 billion.Acknowledging that the new report points to ergonomics problems in a limited number of occupations, Randy Johnson, vice president for labor policy at the United States Chamber of Commerce, said, “This study clearly does not suppo
5、rt a regulation as broad as OSHA issued, by OSHAs own estimates covering over 100 million employees.“Although the report is to be issued today, Congressional leaders were briefed on it yesterday, and then many Congressional aides told their friends in business and labor groups what the report said.
6、Many business lobbyists have said their No. 1 goal in the Bush administration is either to have the new president remove the ergonomics regulations or to have Congress overturn them.Defenders of Mr. Clintons ergonomics regulations said the report supported their position by stating that modification
7、s of physical factors on the job could help reduce musculoskeletal injuries.George Miller, the California Democrat who is the ranking minority member on the House Education and the Workforce Committee, said, “The N. A. S. study clearly and unambiguously concludes that there is substantial scientific
8、 justification for the ergonomics regulation sought by the Clinton administration.“Mr. Miller criticized Republicans in Congress for calling for study after study as a way to make President Clinton delay the regulations.John A. Boehner, the Ohio Republican who is the committees chairman, said the ne
9、w study underscored the business viewpoint that there was no scientific basis for OSHAs broad approach.“The study also was careful to note that a generic one size fits all solution to these problems is neither feasible nor desirable,“ Mr. Boehner said. “This approach adopted by 0SHAs standard is sim
10、ply not practical.“Labor unions, which pushed Mr. Clinton to adopt the new ergonomics rules, applauded the academys report. Eric Frumin, director of safety for the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees, said, “The N. A. S. report comprehensively reviewed thousands of studies in the
11、 scientific literature on workplace musculoskeletal disorders and concluded that interventions in the workplace have been proven to protect workers from ergonomics hazards./（分数：5.00）(1).What is the purpose of the controversial report mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.To support the regulation issu
12、ed by the OSHA.B.To prove that the ergonomics regulation is inappropriate.C.To help to evaluate and judge the regulation by 0SHA.D.To calm the disputes over the ergonomics regulation.(2).The new regulation would cost _ to carry out, according to the OSH（分数：1.00）A.A. $50 billionB.$120 billionC.$4.5 b
13、illionD.$100 million(3).According to the passage, all of the following welcome the ergonomics regulation EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.OSHAB.George MillerC.Eric FruminD.JohnA. Boehner(4).The main dispute over the regulation is that _.（分数：1.00）A.the regulation is too broad and generalB.the regulation costs too
14、 much to put in forceC.the regulation defends only the Democrats interestsD.the regulation is not widely accepted(5).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Ergonomics report citing job injuries.B.Democrats and Republicans dividing on ergonomics package.C.A right decision or a wrong one?D
15、.Ergonomics report to be release三、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Charles Beckwith was born in London in 1810; the son of Charles William Lohmeyer (born in England 1769/1770; died in Copenhagen 1855). His brother, John Henry (Beckwith-) Lohmeyer, was an employee in the publisher Richard Bentley of London. Char
16、les worked in Copenhagen as a civil engineer and teacher of English. In Denmark he published schoolbooks and translations from English; in England Bentley published his translations from Danish, mainly of Hans Christian Andersen.Confusion piles upon confusion Both Charles and John Henry are referred
17、 to at times as Beckwith, at times as Lohmeyer, and at times as Beckwith-Lohmeyer, with no consistency even in a close friends usage. Sometimes it seems that when they werent Beckwith-Lohmeyer, Charles was Beckwith and John Henry was Lohmeyer, but then Mr. Beckwith turns out to be John Henry and Mr.
18、 Lohmeyer Charles. A safer rule, at least for the 1840s and 1850s: if he is in England, whatever he is called, hes John Henry; if in Denmark, Charles. Bentleys worker who met Hans Christian Andersen on the latters first visit to England in 1847 and before long annoyed Andersen (“He digs in and is so
19、 piteous“-Diaries 175), though referred to as Mr. Beckwith, is John Henry, not Charles as Wullschlager calls him (309); the same man signed as John Henry Lohmeyer when he received payment for Charles Beckwiths translations from Andersen, who referred to his translator as Mr. Lohmeyer.Bibliographies
20、and library catalogues further confuse matters. The mistaken identification of Charles Beckwith and Charles Boner is dealt with below. The Library of Congress catalogue mixes Charles Beckwith Lohmeyer and John Charles Beckwith (born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1789; in Denmark as an army officer bet
21、ween 1805 and 1808; served in the Peninsula, lost a leg at Waterloo; lived chiefly in the Vaudois valley in Piedmont 1827 to his death in 1862). Assisting that confusion, John Charles apparently did not use “John“; the DNB calls him Charles Beckwith after its initial use of the full name; and he wou
22、ld be the “Lieut. Col. Chas. Beckwith“ admitted to the British Museum Reading Room in July 1830. Interestingly, the mother of John Charles was a sister of William Otis Haliburton, therefore an aunt of Thomas Chandler Haliburton, the creator of Sam Slick and a contributor to Bentleys Miscellany. With
23、 both Beckwith-Lohmeyers also employed by Bentley, there may be a family connection.But to return to Charles Beckwith, he married Amalie Stahl, daughter of J. V. C. Stahl (connected with the Royal Theater) and Aue Catherine Sadoline ne Middleton. With his wife, Beckwith kept a girls school at Nrrega
24、de, Copenhagen. When in 1846 Andersen began to plan a visit to England, he turned to Beckwith for English lessons, which began at the end of 1846 and continued into 1847. Beckwith always presented himself as a close friend of Andersen, and indeed Andersen allowed Beckwith to publish some of his tran
25、slations in England before the original Danish was published at home, Nevertheless the relationship was often strained, and Andersen could not ignore the criticism he heard of Beckwiths ability as a translator. Beckwith died -in Denmark? in 1874.（分数：5.00）(1).This passage mainly tries to _.（分数：1.00）A
26、.introduce the Beckwith-Lohmeyer brothersB.clear confusions between Charles Beckwith and Charles BonerC.introduce Charles BeckwithD.introduce a great friendship between Charles Beckwith and Hans Christian Andersen(2).Charles Beckwith is all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.employee of the publis
27、her BentleyB.Danish-English translatorC.civil engineerD.English teacher(3).Which of the following is FALSE according to the 2nd paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.John Henry is the one in England in the 18401850s.B.Hans Christian Andersen met John Henry in 1847.C.John Henry received payment for translations from
28、Andersen.D.Andersen, called John Henry Mr. Lohmeyer.(4).Why are there so many confusions about Charles Beckwith?（分数：1.00）A.His name is mixed with his father Charles William Beckwiths.B.His name is mixed with his brother John Henrys.C.His name is mixed with John Charles Beckwiths.D.Both B and(5).We m
29、ay infer from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.DBN always refers to John Charles Beckwith as Charles BeckwithB.John Charles Beckwith might be Beckwith-Lohmeyer brothers relativesC.Charles Beckwiths relationship with Anderson has always been greatD.Andersen did not trust Charles Beckwith at all四、TEXT C(
30、总题数：1，分数：5.00)Perry London, a psychologist and educator who studied the altruistic behavior of people who rescued Jews from the Holocaust, died on Friday at the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick, N.J. He was 61 years old and lived in Edison, N. J.He died of cancer, his family
31、said.Dr. London had been the dean of the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology at Rutgers University since 1989. Author and Consultant.He was noted for his studies of altruism, especially those involving people who risked their own lives to save Jews in World War . He also specializ
32、ed in hypnosis, traumatic stress suffered by soldiers and the problems of children.Earlier, he taught at the University of Illinois, Stanford University, the University of Southern California, Bell Laboratories, Tel Aviv University, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Harvard University, where he
33、 was also the director of the counseling and consulting psychology program.Dr. London wrote books and articles and was a consultant to several agencies, including the Israeli Air Force and the United States Department of Health and Human Services. He served on the boards of the Northwest Institute f
34、or the Study of Ethnics, the University of Judaism in Los Angeles and the Los Angeles Hillel Council.He was born in Omaha. After graduating from Yeshiva College in 1952, he earned a masters degree in psychology at Columbia University in 1953 and a doctorate there in 1956. He served five years in the
35、 Unites States Army Medical Service.His first marriage ended in divorce.Surviving are his wife of 14 years, the former Beverly Secrest; two sons, Steven Rose of Minneapolis and Kenneth Rose of Boulder, Colo; five daughters, Miriam London Hinman of Barry, Vt., Yael Wyshograd of Rechovot, Israel, and
36、Susan Sappir and Debra and Donna Rose, all of Jerusalem; three sisters, Becky Gorodetzer of Lake Worth, Fla., Marsha Porier of Durham, N. C., and Sylvia Doron of Kibbutz Geva, Israel, and eight grandchildren.（分数：5.00）(1).This passage is most likely _.（分数：1.00）A.an introduction to a psychologistB.a p
37、iece of newsC.a preface in a biographyD.a speech on a funeral(2).Dr. London was the director of a psychology program in _.（分数：1.00）A.Rutgers UniversityB.Harvard UniversityC.U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesD.Columbia University(3).Dr. London is famous for _.（分数：1.00）A.his study of altruis
38、tic behaviorsB.his study of Jews in the HolocaustC.his psychology counselsD.his consulting services to many institutions(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Dr. London was once a soldier in the U.S. navy.B.Dr. London was born in Edison N.J.C.Dr. London used to teach
39、 in Yeshiva College.D.Dr. London also studies hypnosis and problems of soldiers and children.(5).All of the following may be inferred from the passage EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.Perry Londons family may have a connection to JewsB.at 47, Perry London married his second wifeC.Perry London was born in Is
40、raelD.Perry London had taught in Israel五、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A chemical widely used in hard plastic drinking bottles and the lining of food cans may reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment, a new study shows.The findings, reported in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, adds to
41、 the growing list of concerns about bisphenol-a, or BPA, a chemical used to make the hard, clear and nearly unbreakable plastic called polycarbonate. The plastic is also found in the lining of nearly every soft drink and canned food product.Most of the concern about BPA has focused on children, who
42、are exposed to the chemical when trace amounts escape from polycarbonate baby bottles and the linings of infant formula cans. The worry is based on data from animal studies. Rat pups exposed to BPA, through injection or food, showed changes in mammary and prostate tissue, suggesting a potential canc
43、er risk. In some tests of female mice, exposure appeared to accelerate puberty.In the latest research, a team from the University of Cincinnati studied human breast cancer cells, subjecting them to low levels of BPA similar to those found in the blood of adults. They found that BPA acts on cancer ce
44、lls similar to the way estrogen does-by inducing proteins that protect the cells from chemotherapy agents.“Its actually acting by protecting existing cancer ceils from dying in response to anti-cancer drugs, making chemotherapy significantly less effective,“ said Nira Ben-Jonathan, a professor of ca
45、ncer and cell biology who has studied BPA for more than 10 years.The research may help explain why chemotherapy appears to be less effective in some patients.“These data,“ study authors write, “provide considerable support to the accumulating evidence that BPA is hazardous to human health.“The study
46、 was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation.The 2003 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found detectable levels of BPA in 93 percent of uri
47、ne samples collected from more than 2,500 adults and children over 6.In September, The Journal of the American Medical Association reported that adults with higher levels of BPA in their urine were more likely to have heart disease or diabetes. The Food and Drug Administration has reassured consumer
48、s that the chemical appears to be safe, but the National Toxicology Program, which is part of the Department of Health and Human Services, has raised concerns.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the practical use of BPA?（分数：1.00）A.To reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy.B.To make polycarbonate and linings.C.To
49、 protect ceils from chemotherapy agents.D.To accelerate puberty.(2).The research is carried out on _.（分数：1.00）A.childrenB.adultsC.rat pupsD.infants(3).All of the following are proved to be directly linked to BPA exposure EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.changes in mammary and prostate tissuesB.induced proteins that protect cells from chemotherapy agentsC.accelerated pubertyD.heart diseases and diabetes(4).Which of the following is FALSE about the research discussed in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Its results are publ
