1、英语翻译高级口译-5 及答案解析(总分：278.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSECTION 1 LISTE(总题数：1，分数：19.00)Perhaps all parents, at some point, look back wistfully at earlier generations and assume that childrearing was easier for them than it is now. Any supposed U(1) /U seems elusive today, when “balancing“ and “juggling“ are the op
2、erative words describing many parents lives and when U(2) /U and attention is often intense.But now theres a modest bit of encouraging news: American parents are more involved in their childrens lives than U(3) /U, the U.S. Census Bureau reports. They are reading to their children more often, eating
3、 more meals together, and U(4) /U.At the same time, census takers are not the only ones U(5) /U. New studies and surveys abound on both sides of the Atlantic, trying to U(6) /U of 21st-century families. Individually, each represents a tiny piece of U(7) /U. Collectively, they offer varied perspectiv
4、es that attest to the U(8) /U.As if to challenge the trend toward family togetherness reported by the Census Bureau, a study from the government-backed Booktime U(9) /U finds that children spend very little spare time with adults. Working parents have little time U(10) /U, the group reports, and the
5、y U(11) /U to read with children. Even so, the more money a father makes, the more likely he is to read with his children. For mothers, U(12) /U. The higher a womans earnings, the less likely she is to read with her children.Perhaps these findings represent cultural differences U(13) /U, or maybe it
6、s just a case of British parents being U(14) /U their limited time. American parents are also monitoring their children more closely than in the past, the census reports.For some families, U(15) /U and in unusual ways. A year-old website, HowsMyN, provides a mini-license plate that parents can U(16)
7、 /U. Passersby who observe a nannys conduct, good or bad, can U(17) /U to the parents personal account. In other families, U(18) /U involves everything from nanny cams in the home to GPS monitoring, U(19) /U. What parents and grandparents in previous generations could have imagined such high-tech wa
8、ys of U(20) /U?（分数：19.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BPart B Listenin(总题数：4，分数：20.00)BQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation./B（分数：5.00）A.(A) Just Say No to the K
9、idsB.(B) Discipline is Not a Dirty WordC.(C) Parenting, a Difficult JobD.(D) What are Children Thinking?A.(A) An author whos been running parenting workshops.B.(B) A child psychologist on practical parenting.C.(C) A journalist whos interviewed a lot of parents.D.(D) A parent whos been having a lot o
10、f trouble.A.(A) On no occasions.B.(B) On several occasions mentioned in the interview.C.(C) On all occasions.D.(D) On rare, important occasions.A.(A) Because children will be given too many choices.B.(B) Because they will take IF as an incentive.C.(C) Because they will be put in control.D.(D) Becaus
11、e they will challenge against it.A.(A) The I-message.B.(B) The When-Then rule.C.(C) Corporal punishment.D.(D) Dont end a sentence with OK.（分数：5.00）A.(A) The Federal Reserve cut interest rates to 4.75 percent.B.(B) The reduction of interest rate is offering help to the economy of the United States.C.
12、(C) The discount rate was reduced by a bold half point.D.(D) The Federal Reserve lowered the discount rate to lubricate credit market.A.(A) Torrential rains and mudslides led to heavy casualties.B.(B) Storm Olga caused a failure of electrical power and flooded the area.C.(C) Strong winds in the uppe
13、r atmosphere tugged Storm Olga apart.D.(D) Tropical storm warnings and watches were issued.A.(A) It has fallen down compared with the previous year.B.(B) Total European sales were down over the first 11 months.C.(C) Private demand in most western European countries were depressed for a number of rea
14、sons.D.(D) Volkswagen Group was no longer the market leader since its market share dropped.A.(A) That there was scientific evidence proving the causal relationship between a certain kind of medicine and suicidal cases.B.(B) That healthcare worker should pay more attention to cases of suicidal though
15、ts linked to a new smoking cessation pill.C.(C) That it would warn against the clinical application of a new smoking cessation pill.D.(D) That it would ask Pfizer Inc to submit changes to the marketing information.A.(A) It paid $ 4 million for a handwritten, illustrated version of “Harry Porter“.B.(
16、B) It donated money to a charity co-founded by J. K. Rowling.C.(C) It won the bid in an auction for a book written by J. K. Rowling.D.(D) It posted reviews of all the tales on the Website.BQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following Interview./B（分数：5.00）A.(A) Women are more stressed out than men.B
17、.(B) Stress reducing in holiday seasons.C.(C) Life with extreme stress.D.(D) What makes people more stressful?A.(A) A chief editor.B.(B) A psychologist.C.(C) A program presenter.D.(D) A columnist.A.(A) Women are bearing the burden for the holidays by themselves.B.(B) Women needs to satisfy their chi
18、ldrens expectations.C.(C) Women have to take care of family relationships during this period.D.(D) Women may feel they are not doing it as well as their mothers did.A.(A) That you should depend on yourself in an aviation accident.B.(B) That you should realize that your life is more important than ot
19、hers.C.(C) That you should focus on giving help to other people before saving yourself.D.(D) That you should get rid of your guilt in order to achieve stress reducing.A.(A) Eat right.B.(B) Get enough rest.C.(C) Listen to the advices.D.(D) Take time to contemplate.BQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the
20、 following talk./B（分数：5.00）A.(A) Celebrity life.B.(B) Chronic back pain.C.(C) Healthcare for people in all walks of life.D.(D) Diet and pain.A.(A) Pregnancy.B.(B) Lack of exercise.C.(C) Overweight.D.(D) Osteoporosis.A.(A) Relaxation therapy.B.(B) Pain killers.C.(C) Exercise routines.D.(D) Diet.A.(A)
21、 Sufferers from back pain are not able to move around.B.(B) It is usually better at self-repair.C.(C) A back injury is usually more painful.D.(D) Its response to injury often results in more damage.A.(A) It is advised for extreme pain only.B.(B) It is advised for pain lasting more than two days.C.(C
22、) It is advised for a maximum of two days.D.(D) It is advised when one is unable to hold his or her spine.三、BSECTION 2 READI(总题数：4，分数：40.00)In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress tow
23、ard maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavi
24、or of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal-directed
25、behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goal, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive beings, goal-directed behavior can be very simple motivated. The presence of an attractive o
26、bject will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infants frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infants attention to
27、the attractive object increase as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life,
28、mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test
29、it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the value of color, composition, and technique, while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths t
30、o bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly that of parental and social group ideology, may red
31、uce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language a
32、cquisition. Auditing develops first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individual being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the c
33、hild must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earlier times, it is clear that language and human thoug
34、ht have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.（分数：10.00）(1).How does the child develop his perceptio
35、n?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Strong motivations give rise to perception.B.(B) He holds the conviction that things around him are parts of extended body and later on gives it up.C.(C) Parents and teachers play a key role in his development of cognition.D.(D) He believes that objects around him are independent of
36、 his perception.(2).According to the passage, the infant may be most interested in _ .（分数：2.00）A.(A) playing with othersB.(B) chatteringC.(C) things out of his graspD.(D) laughing(3).What stimulates adults motivational cognition?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Predictable presence of opportunities.B.(B) Visible sign
37、s of opportunities.C.(C) Instigators.D.(D) Approachable information.(4).Which of the following is NOT the influence of socialization process?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Produce tension.B.(B) Produce extreme emotion.C.(C) Reduce ones cognitively guided behaviors.D.(D) Create social group ideology.(5).What links c
38、ognitive development to the needs of society?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Practical purpose.B.(B) Natural human cognitive development.C.(C) Language.D.(D) Warning of danger.Harry Truman didnt think his successor had the right training to be president. “Poor Ikeit wont be a bit like the Army,“ he said. “Hell sit t
39、here all day saying” do this, do that, and nothing will happen.“ Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious allianceyou didnt tell Winston Churchill what to doin a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Trumans insight could well be applied to another, even more ve
40、nerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul ONeill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in
41、their jobs.Actually, we shouldnt be surprised. Rumsfeld and ONeill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to thi
42、nk of a CEO who had a successful career in government.Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically Str
43、uctured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think hes in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study “Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents“, Richard Neustadt explain
44、s how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is “the power to persuade“.Take Rumsfelds attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. Its innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defens
45、e Secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, ONeills position as Treasury Secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Fi
46、nance Ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.ONeill has been publicly critical of the IMFs bailou
47、t packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in bolstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepti
48、cism.Perhaps the government doesnt do bailouts well. But that leads to a third role: you cant just quit. Jack Welchs famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isnt doing a particular job at peak level, it doesn
