1、英语翻译高级口译-16 及答案解析(总分：279.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSECTION 1 LISTE(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In many cultures, traditional families, that is, married couples with children, U(1) /U. Until a decade ago, that was also the case in the United States. But the U.S. Bureau of Census reports people in more than U(2) /U now liv
2、e in some other arrangements.For the first time in history, the number of Americans living alone has U(3) /U of historically dominant householdsmarried couples with children.In 1960, 45% of American households U(4) /U with children. Today it is less than 25%. In the past 10 years, the number of U(5)
3、 /U has grown faster than the number of family households.But the U(6) /U that the American U(7) /U. Although the rate of married-with-children household is still declining, it is declining U(8) /U than during the 1960s and 1970s, and married couples with or without children still U(9) /U all Americ
4、an households.What really should be noted is actually U(10) /U in a lot of the numbers in the past 10 years, compared to the structure of households 20 or 30 years before. And for example, in 1960, if we go back 47 years, U(11) /U were married-couple households. The number U(12) /U in 1970, and down
5、 to 60% in 1980. But then over the past two decades, the rate of decline has slowed down quite a bit: it went down to U(13) /U and 52% in 2000.The number of U(14) /U is declining for several reasons. More than ever before, men and women are U(15) /U. Also the number of U(16) /U is growing much faste
6、r than the number of married couples. The 2000 census shows that U(17) /U.First the aging of the American population and the growing number of both young and old people living alone are the main reasons the average American household U(18) /U, just over two and a half people per household. Some soci
7、ologists fear that the growing number of one-person households means U(19) /U. Others see it as a sign of prosperity and an U(20) /U.（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BB
8、: Listening Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.（分数：5.00）A.(A) You neednt pay your accommodation.B.(B) You may make friends on the camp.C.(C) You will be paid to do jobs on the camp.D.(D) You will get free lunch and supper.A.(A) From a travel agency.B.(B) From
9、his friends.C.(C) From advertisements.D.(D) From relatives in Britain.A.(A) There was no work for them to do.B.(B) Farmers were quarreling with Teencamp.C.(C) They couldnt finish what was asked to do.D.(D) They lost their way and at a loss what to do.A.(A) One week.B.(B) Two weeks.C.(C) Three weeks.
10、D.(D) Four weeks.A.(A) Go on a work camp is the best way to travel.B.(B) Travelers might enjoy fresh vegetables and fruits.C.(C) Going on a work camp is not always a pleasant experience.D.(D) Work camps supply young people good practice.BQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following news./B（分数：5.00）A
11、.(A) Reducing trade barriers in industrial and farm goods.B.(B) Debt relief for the developing countries.C.(C) Trade liberalization within the European Union.D.(D) Negotiating with the campaign groups.A.(A) 350 million dollars.B.(B) 700 million dollars.C.(C) 1.4 billion dollars.D.(D) 700 billion dol
12、lars.A.(A) Reducing the risk of death from cancer.B.(B) Reducing the risk of death from heart diseases.C.(C) Extending drinkers life span.D.(D) Alleviating the stress of modern people.A.(A) WTO member nations object to it unanimously.B.(B) America decides to block beef and pork imports from Russia.C
13、.(C) President Putin refused to talk with Bush at an Asian summit.D.(D) America has not agreed to let Russia join.A.(A) Indifferent.B.(B) Miscellaneous.C.(C) Excited.D.(D) Disappointed.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.（分数：5.00）A.(A) Two plants have already been closed down.B.(
14、B) Mr. Northfield has no plan to close down more European plants yet.C.(C) The closing down of the two plants is partly a result of Flaxcos going international.D.(D) The expansion of business will lead to more cut in the workforce and thus result in the closing down of more European plants.A.(A) She
15、 thinks Flaxco should increase its workforce in Europe to help alleviate the unemployment problem.B.(B) She thinks Flaxco is mainly responsible for the high unemployment rate.C.(C) She thinks it is inevitable for Flaxco to go international.D.(D) She disagrees with the mans opinion that Flaxco has co
16、ntributed a lot to the government.A.(A) Flaxco has focused all its manufacturing facilities in Europe.B.(B) Flaxco has concentrated its resources and efforts on high-end medicines.C.(C) Flaxcos biggest research efforts are in the UK.D.(D) Flaxco is expanding its basic research activity in the USA as
17、 well as in Italy.A.(A) In Europe.B.(B) Outside Europe.C.(C) In the USA.D.(D) In the UK.A.(A) Because the USA provides Flaxco with high-tech talents.B.(B) Because the USA is the most important market for Flaxco.C.(C) Because Flaxco has expanded its business there in the USA in the past few years.D.(
18、D) Because Flaxcos rival company in the USA has set up a research unit in Europe.BQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk./B（分数：5.00）A.(A) Extremely good sensory perception power.B.(B) The ability of predicting the future.C.(C) Some mysterious abilities of the human brain.D.(D) The phenom
19、enon of knowing something without using any of the five senses.A.(A) No one but the scientists know what ESP really is.B.(B) Everybody has the experience of ESP.C.(C) It is impossible to decide whether one has ESP or not.D.(D) ESP has been studied by many people.A.(A) Play cards with your friends.B.
20、(B) Try to name by means of intense concentration an object placed in the next room.C.(C) Guess who the caller is before picking up the receiver.D.(D) Think about a friend you havent seen or heard for a long time.A.(A) He can see what is in the next room.B.(B) He knows what another person is thinkin
21、g.C.(C) He can predict the future.D.(D) All of the above.A.(A) The one who gets 5% of the questions correct.B.(B) The one who gets all of the questions correct.C.(C) The one who gets 20% of the questions correct.D.(D) The one who gets 10% of the questions correct.三、BSECTION 2 READI(总题数：4，分数：40.00)In
22、 colonial days, huge flocks of snowy egrets inhabited coastal wetlands and marshes of the southeastern United States. In the 1800s, when fashion dictated fancy hats adorned with feathers, egrets and other birds were hunted for their plumage. By the late 1800s, egrets were almost extinct. In 1886 the
23、 newly formed Audubon Society began a press campaign to shame feather wearers and end the terrible folly. The campaign caught on, and gradually, attitudes changed and new laws followed.Florida and Texas were the first states to pass laws protecting such birds. Then, in 1900, the United States Congre
24、ss passed the Lacey Act, forbidding interstate commerce to deal in illegally killed wildlife, making it more difficult for hunters to sell their kill. Since then, numerous wildlife refuges have been established to protect the birds feeding habitats. With millions of people visiting these refuges and
25、 seeing the birds in their natural locales, attitudes have changed significantly. Today the thought of hunting these birds would be abhorrent to most people, even if official protection were removed. Thus protected, egret populations were able to recover substantially. In the mean time, the Lacey Ac
26、t has become the most important piece of legislation protecting wildlife from illegal killing or smuggling.Congress took another major step when it passed a series of acts to protect endangered species. The most comprehensive and recent of these acts is the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (reau
27、thorized in 1988). An endangered species is a species that has been reduced to the point where it is in imminent danger of becoming extinct if protection is not provided. The act also provides for the protection of threatened species, which are judged to be in jeopardy but not on the brink of extinc
28、tion. When a species is officially recognized as being either endangered or threatened, the law specifies substantial fines for killing, trapping, uprooting (plants), or engaging in commerce in the species or its parts. The legislation forbidding commerce includes wildlife threatened with extinction
29、 anywhere in the world.The ESA requires the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), under the Department of the interior, to draft recovery plans for protected species. Habitats must be mapped and a program for the preservation and management of critical habitats must be designed, such that
30、 the species can rebuild its population.Some critics of the ESA believe that the act does not go far enough. A major shortcoming is that protection is not provided until a species is officially listed as endangered or threatened by the USFWS and a recovery plan is established. Species usually will n
31、ot make the list until their populations have become dangerously low. Over the past years, the USFWS has been working intensely on listing species and developing recovery plans for them. One of the species recently removed from the list, and an amazing recovery story, is that of the American peregri
32、ne falcon. The bald eagle also is scheduled to be removed from the list soon.Both the peregrine falcon and the bald eagle were driven to extremely low numbers because of the use of DDT as a pesticide from the 1940s through the 1960s. Carried up to these predators through the food chain, DDT caused a
33、 serious thinning of the birds eggshells that led to nesting failures in the two species and in numerous other predatory birds. By 1975 a survey indicated that there were only 324 pairs of nesting peregrines in North America. DDT use was banned in both the United States and Canada in the early 1970s
34、 and the stage was set for recovery of the bird. Working with several nonprofit captive-breeding institutions such as the Peregrine Fund, the USFWS sponsored efforts that resulted in the release of some 6,000 captive-bred young falcons in 34 states over a period of 23 years. There are now about 1,60
35、0 known breeding pairs in the United States and Canada- well above the targeted recovery population of 631 pairs.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that after 1886 the influence of the Audubon Society caused _ .（分数：2.00）A.(A) a new interest in coastal wetlandsB.(B) a change in what wa
36、s considered fashionableC.(C) an increase in the hunting of birdsD.(D) an increase in the use of feathers for hats(2).What does paragraph 2 indicate would happen if laws like the Lacey Act were removed?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Many people would begin to hunt birds.B.(B) More bird refuges would have to be crea
37、ted.C.(C) Most people would continue to oppose the hunting of rare birds.D.(D) Bird populations in some natural locales would decline.(3).What is the function of paragraph 3s discussion of the terms “endangered species“ and “threatened species“?（分数：2.00）A.(A) To argue that government officials need
38、more information when making laws.B.(B) To identify which animals need to be protected and which do not.C.(C) To suggest that legal terminology continues to change over time.D.(D) To provide the legal definitions of species that are protected by the law.(4).Which of the following can be inferred fro
39、m paragraph 5 to be the reason some people are critical of the ESA?（分数：2.00）A.(A) The ESA list of endangered species has gone too far and become too long.B.(B) The ESA rules have protected only those species that have great commercial value.C.(C) The ESA protection of species should begin earlier th
40、an it does under the current act.D.(D) The ESA rules permit species to be removed from the list before they have been able to fully recover their populations.(5).According to paragraph 6, how did peregrine falcons and bald eagles became endangered?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Predatory birds began eating the eggs
41、 of falcons and eagles.B.(B) The use of DDT reduced the amount of food available in the falcon and eagle habitat.C.(C) Falcons and eagles could no longer find materials to build their nests when the use of DDT was discontinued.D.(D) Falcons and eagles that had consumed food containing DDT laid eggs
42、with defective shells.Meteors are ephemeral. They will usually vanish before you have a chance to point them out to somebody else. This makes them suitable for starry-eyed lovers to wish upon, but modern technology can put shooting stars to more profitable use. Next time you see one, bear in mind th
43、at a dispatcher may be using it to help him marshal a fleet of long-distance lorries.To human eyes, a meteor is beautiful. To a radio wave, it is just another thing to bounce off, and bouncing radio waves off the sky is not new. Left to themselves radio waves travel in straight lines, which limits t
44、heir range. To get them round corners, and over the horizon, they need something to bounce off. In the ionospherethe uppermost level of the atmospherethe suns rays break down molecules into positively charged ions and free electrons. These can reflect (and refract) radiation. The ionosphere let Marc
45、oni and his contemporaries send radio messages over long distances.When a pebble falls from space into the atmosphere, moving at tens of kilometers a second, it gets rid of a lot of energy. Like the energy from the suns rays, this ionizes the molecules of the atmosphere. The meteors 1020km path is d
46、ensely packed with ions. By the 1930s, radio waves bounced off meteor trails had been used by scientists to determine the speed, height and direction of meteors.The obvious disadvantage of meteorsthe fact that they are so transientmight suggest that bouncing radio waves off their trails would remain
47、 the preserve of scientists. In overall quantity, though, meteors bid fair to make up what they lack in constancy. On an average day there are a million reasonable-sized ones (one gram), 400 million smaller ones (one-hundredth of a gram), and 160 billion even tinier ones (one ten-thousandth of a gra
48、m).Meteors also have advantage. The greater density of ions in a meteor trail makes it less susceptible to the many things which perturb the ionosphere, and hence the quality of radio signals that bounce off itsuch as time of day, weather conditions, sun spots or indeed intrusive meteors. This immunity from “noise“ matters to people who want to
