1、英语翻译高级口译-13 及答案解析(总分：279.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSECTION 1 LISTE(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A lot of people think we could be headed for trouble by tampering with Mother Nature and producing genetically altered food. But those who U(1) /U say its no more unnatural than traditional selective breeding, to say nothing ab
2、out U(2) /U and chemical pesticides.Most Canadians regularly eat bio-engineered food. Anyone who consumes cheese, potatoes, tomatoes,U (3) /U is taking in genetically modified (GM) food. In addition, U(4) /U contain GM ingredients. In fact, around 65% of the food we get from the shops has some genet
3、ically modified component. GM food does not U(5) /U in Canada, so most of us dont know we are eating it. Some of the items that have U(6) /U GM material might surprise you. They include chocolate bars, baby food, margarine, U(7) /U, ice cream, U(8) /U, cereals, and cookies.U (9) /U have used GM food
4、s for centuries; if they hadnt, wed probably still be U(10) /U. Theyve refined the foods we eat through selective crossbreeding, combining different types of wheat, and U(11) /U. Today, however, genetic engineering is no longer just a case of mixing different varieties of U(12) /U. Now, genes from c
5、ompletely different life forms are being combinedfish genes into tomatoes to U(13) /U, for example.Such “tampering with Nature“ makes a lot of people anxious. They wonder if the foods that come out of genetic modification are U(14) /U. Scientists say they are completely safe; GM is just a way of U(1
6、5) /U to make it possible for them to survive without the use of pesticides and to U(16) /U. But the U(17) /U that scientists said that nuclear power and the toxic insecticide DDT were also completely harmless.Supporters of GM foods U(18) /U. They say producing GM food is a move in the right directi
7、on, that it will U(19) /U, the environment, and the economy. They are convinced it will solve the worlds hunger problems, lead to a drop in pesticide and herbicide use, and result in U(20) /U.（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
8、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BPart B Listenin(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.（分数：5.00）A.(A) 1920s-1930s.B.(B) 1930s-1940s.C.(C) 1940s-1950s.D.(D) 1950s-1960s.A.(A) They were the largest age group in the U.S. population.B.(B) Their
9、parents used to spend less money than they do.C.(C) They have huge political and economic clout in this country.D.(D) They are hardly more dependent on credit consumption than the previous generation.A.(A) They experienced the Great Depression.B.(B) They preferred spending money to saving money in t
10、he bank.C.(C) They spent most of their money on housing.D.(D) They had much more free time than their children.A.(A) 10%-15%.B.(B) 15%-20%.C.(C) 25%-40%.D.(D) 40%-55%.A.(A) Washing machine.B.(B) Furniture.C.(C) Ford Explorer.D.(D) Air conditioning.BQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following news./
11、B（分数：5.00）A.(A) It will recruit 4,000 new employees.B.(B) It will slash more jobs to reduce costs.C.(C) It takes the lead in its competition against Nokia.D.(D) Its new mobile phone models are selling well on the market.A.(A) Refusing to attend the G8 summit in Germany.B.(B) Threatening to point Rus
12、sian missiles towards Europe.C.(C) Urging Britain to extradite a former KGB officer.D.(D) Criticizing Americas human rights record.A.(A) They should know about the countrys traditions, customs and values.B.(B) They should remember a lot of facts and figures about the country.C.(C) They should promot
13、e social harmony and integration.D.(D) They should take English as their first language.A.(A) His salary was too high and promotion too fast.B.(B) He often clashed with his colleagues.C.(C) His girlfriend received preferential treatment from the World Bank.D.(D) He insisted that bank help for poor n
14、ations be tied to their anti-corruption commitment.A.(A) He urged the Indian business community to do more for farmers.B.(B) He praised the charitable deeds of Indias most powerful and influential businessmen.C.(C) He criticized Indian business community for making too much money.D.(D) He expressed
15、his concern for lack of charitable initiatives in India.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.（分数：5.00）A.(A) Sculptor.B.(B) Accountant.C.(C) Banker.D.(D) Insurance agent.A.(A) Mathematics.B.(B) Engineering.C.(C) Architecture.D.(D) Geology.A.(A) Alan joined his fathers firm.B.(B) Al
16、ans father has never been supportive of his career as a sculptor.C.(C) His father originally thought art was just for amateurs instead of professionals.D.(D) Alan quarreled with his father about his profession.A.(A) He had different teachers every term.B.(B) He could learn different things from diff
17、erent teachers.C.(C) He enjoyed his course very much although it lasted five years.D.(D) He had to do a lot of drawing at his college.A.(A) Art college offers too little practice.B.(B) You can only do abstract art at art college.C.(C) Art college cannot provide you with a sculptors studio.D.(D) Pain
18、ters, not sculptors, teach you how to draw things rather than sculptors.BQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk./B（分数：5.00）A.(A) A vast number of laborers migrating to industrialized countries.B.(B) More job-hopping in the labor market than ever before.C.(C) A shift from manufacturing to
19、 tertiary industry.D.(D) Jobs in service industries more interesting and better paid.A.(A) Employees can have more control over their lives.B.(B) Employees become much more dependent on the companies they work for.C.(C) Management teams have become less hierarchical.D.(D) Employees can work for diff
20、erent companies at the same time.A.(A) They feel their boss too airy and bureaucratic.B.(B) They can hardly get a promotion in a downsized company.C.(C) They are constantly under great pressure to adapt to changing markets.D.(D) There are too many levels of management in their companies.A.(A) They c
21、an easily fit into the routines of large companies.B.(B) They can arrange their time more flexibly.C.(C) They have better payment if they are subcontracted.D.(D) They may work in more humane organizations.A.(A) Access to Internet allows people more opportunities to find suitable jobs.B.(B) To some e
22、xtent, new technologies might deprive people of more time to relax.C.(C) Rapid changes in jobs make training a must for most workers.D.(D) The enormous stress on workers forces them to retire earlier.三、BSECTION 2 READI(总题数：4，分数：40.00)What will future historians remember about the impact of science d
23、uring the last decade of the 20th century? They will not be much concerned with many of the marvels that currently preoccupy us, such as the miraculous increase in the power of home computers and the unexpected growth of the Internet. Nor will they dwell much on global warming, the loss of biodivers
24、ity and other examples of our penchant for destruction. Instead, the end of 20th century will be recognized as the time when, for better or worse, science began to bring about a fundamental shift in our perception of ourselves.It will be the third time that science has forced us to re-evaluate who w
25、e are. The first time, of course, was the revolution that began with Copernicus in 1543 and continued with Kepler, Galileo and Newton. Despite the Churchs opposition, we came to realize that the Earth does not lie at the centre of the universe. Instead we gradually found we live on a small planet on
26、 the edge of a minor galaxy, circling one star in a universe that contains billion of others. Our unique position in the universe was gone for ever.A few centuries later we were moved even further from stage centre. The Darwinian revolution removed us from our position as a unique creation of God. I
27、nstead we discovered we were just another part of the animal kingdom proud to have “a miserable ape for a grandfather“, as Thomas Huxley put it in 1850. We know now just how close to the apes we areover 90% of our genes are the same of those of the chimpanzee.Increasing knowledge of our own genetics
28、 is one of the driving forces in the third great conceptual shift that will soon take place. Others are the growing knowledge of the way our minds work, our new ability to use knowledge of the nervous system to design drugs that affect specific states of mind and the creation of sophisticated scanne
29、rs which enable us to see what is happening inside our brains. In the third revolution we are taking our own selves to pieces and finding the parts which make up the machine that is us.Much of the new knowledge from genetics, molecular biology and the neurosciences is esoteric. But its cultural impa
30、ct is already running ahead of science. People begin to see themselves not as wholes with a moral centre but the result of the combined action of parts for which they have little responsibility.Its Nobodys Fault is the title of a popular American book on “difficult“ children. Many different children
31、, the book explains, are not actually difficult but are suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). There is nothing wrong with them or the way they have been brought up. Rather, the part of the brain which controls attention is short of a particular neurotransmitter.You might, as many people d
32、o, question the way in which the disorder has been diagnosed on such a staggering scale. But that is not the point. The cultural shift is that people are not responsible for their disorders, only for obtaining treatment for the parts of them that have gone wrong.Even when a treatment is not to hand,
33、 the notion that we are made of “clusters of functions“ remains strong. Genetic analysis supports this view. A gene linked to alcoholism has been located and a Gallup poll has revealed that the great majority of Americans consider alcoholism to be a disease There are claims of genes too for obesity,
34、 homosexuality and even for laziness.Some claims about genes may be silly. Or you may think that the current conceptual shift is just a re-run of old arguments about the relative roles of nature and nurture. Instead, take one drug, Viagra, as an example of the new way of thinking about ourselves. If
35、 you suffer from impotence, it might have a variety of physiological causes. Or you might just be anxious about sexual performance. But Viagra does not make such fine distinctions: it acts at the level of the chemical reactions that control the blood flow needed to maintain an erection.The more dire
36、ct means we have of changing who we are, through changing the parts that we are composed of, the harder becomes the question of who was the person who made the decision to change, before becoming someone else. This will be the real issue for the 21st century: who are we, if we are the sum of our par
37、ts and science has given us the power to change those parts?（分数：10.00）(1).What is the most important scientific progress in the 20th(上标) century?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Peoples new knowledge of themselves.B.(B) The development of computer technology.C.(C) The birth and growth of the Internet.D.(D) Mankinds a
38、bility to control global warming(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the driving forces in the third great conceptual shift?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Knowledge of our own genetics.B.(B) Knowledge of the way our minds work.C.(C) Knowledge of how to use sophisticated scanners.D.(D)
39、Knowledge of how to design drugs that affect specific states of mind.(3).Which of the following is likely to be the main idea of the book It s Nobodys Fault ?（分数：2.00）A.(A) Many children are suffering from ADD.B.(B) ADD is the problem for the problematic children.C.(C) Some peoples brains do not hav
40、e neurotransmitters.D.(D) The way people are brought up determines their behavior.(4).Which of the following reflects the cultural shift?（分数：2.00）A.(A) More people are diagnosed to be suffering from mental disorders.B.(B) People are not responsible for the problems they have.C.(C) More people are se
41、eking mental treatment.D.(D) People begin to question the accuracy of doctors diagnoses.(5).Which of the following does the drug Viagra illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.(A) “Some claims about genes may be silly.“B.(B) We have a “new way of thinking about ourselves“.C.(C) A physical disorder “might have a varie
42、ty of physiological causes“.D.(D) “People are obtaining treatment for the parts of them that have gone wrong.“American education is every bit as polarized, red and blue, as American politics. On the crimson, conservative end of the spectrum are those who adhere to the back-to-basics credo: Kids, pra
43、ctice those spelling words and times tables, sit still and listen to the teacher; school isnt meant to be funhard work builds character. On the opposite, indigo extreme are the currently unfashionable “progressives“, who believe that learning should be like breathing natural and relaxed, that school
44、 should take its cues from a childs interests. As in politics, good sense lies toward the center, but the pendulum keeps sweeping sharply from right to left and back again. And the kids end up whiplashed.Since the Reading Wars of the 1990s, the U.S. has largely gone red. Remember the Reading Wars? I
45、n the 1980s, educators embraced “whole language“ as the key to teaching kids to love reading. Instead of using “See Dick and Jane Run“ primers, grade-school teachers taught reading with authentic kid lit: storybooks by respected authors, like Eric Carle (Polar Bear, Polar Bear). They encouraged 5-an
46、d 6-year-olds to write with “inventive spelling“. It was fun. Teachers felt creative. The founders of whole language never intended it to displace the teaching of phonics or proper spelling, but thats what happened in many places. The result was a generation of kids who couldnt spell, including a hi
47、gh percentage who had to be turned over to special Ed instructors to learn how to read. That eventually ushered in the current joyless back-to-phonics movement, with its endless hours of reading-skill drills. Welcome back, Dick and Jane.Now were into the Math Wars. With American kids foundering on s
48、tate math exams and getting clobbered on international tests by their peers in Singapore and Belgium, parents and policymakers have been searching for a culprit. Theyve found it in the math equivalent of whole languageso-called fuzzy math, an object of parental contempt from coast to coast. Fuzzy math, properly called reform math, is the
