1、英语翻译中级口译-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BTRANSLATION TES(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1. A Mixed Economy: the United States SystemThe economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. This system, often referred to as a “free enterprise system“, can be contrasted with a socialist eco
2、nomic system, which depends heavily on government planning and public ownership of the means of production. It should be noted that although the United States operates a system of private enterprise, government has to some extent always been involved in regulating and guiding the U.S. economy. At th
3、e same time, U.S. citizens have always had the freedom to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. Most important, they vote for officials who set economic policy. In the U.S. economic system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through
4、the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economy function. The markets primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers. This has led analysts to dub the U.S. economic system a “market economy“.As a rule, consumers look for the best values for wh
5、at they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote the public security, assure fair competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private en
6、terprises. Some of these public services include education (although there are many private schools and training centers), the postal (but not the telephone) service, the road system, social statistical reporting and, of course, national defense.In the United States most people are simultaneously co
7、nsumers and producers; they are also voters who help influence the decisions of government. The mixture among consumers, producers and members of government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In recent years consumers have made their concern known, and government has
8、responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote general public welfare. The U.S. economy has changed in other ways as well. The population and the labor force have moved dramatically from farms to cities, from fields to factories and, above a11, to service industries, thus p
9、roviding more personal and public services. In todays economy, these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods. Statistics also reveal a rather startling shift away from self-employment to working for others. Generally, there are three kinds of businesses:
10、(1)those started and managed personally by single owners or single entrepreneurs; (2)the partnership where two or more people share the risks and rewards of business, and(3)the corporation where shareholders as owners can buy or sell their shares at any time on the open market. This latter structure
11、, by far the most important, permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people, making possible large-scale enterprises.（分数：25.00）_2. The Stock ExchangeWhile there are literally thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on th
12、e New York Stock Exchange(NYSE). This exchange dates back to 1792, when 24 New York City stockbrokers and merchants gathered under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street in Manhattan to make some rules about how buying and selling was to be done. Those rules, known as the Buttonwood Agreement, set in moti
13、on the NYSEs unwavering commitment to investors and issuers. With a history of over 200 years, the NYSE has become the worlds largest financial market and the leading exchange in the United States. It is the place where America invests its money. Listed on the exchange are more than 3,000 enterprise
14、s, including approximately 450 operating companies from 50 different countries. The NYSE, housed in a large building on Wall Street, does the bulk of trading in listed securities. On the trading floor more than 2,200 common and preferred stocks are traded. The NYSE has more than 1,600 members, most
15、of whom represent brokerage houses involved in buying and selling for the public. They buy “seats“ on the exchange at considerable expense. They are paid commissions by the buyers and sellers for executing their orders. Almost half a million kilometers of telephone and telegraph wire link the NYSE w
16、ith brokerage offices around the nation and across the globe.In addition to the NYSE, there are eight other exchanges around the country. The second largest is the American Stock Exchange, which also operates in the same Wall Street area, and in much the same way, but on a smaller scale. How are sto
17、cks bought and sold? Suppose a widow in California wants to go on an ocean cruise. To finance the trip she decides to sell 100 shares of her General Motors stock. The widow calls her stockbroker and directs him to sell at once at the best price. The same day an engineer in Florida decides to use the
18、 savings he has accumulated to buy 100 shares of General Motors stock. The engineer calls his broker and asks him to buy the stock at the current price.Both brokers wire their orders to the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. The two brokers, one representing the widow and the other the engineer,
19、negotiate the transaction. One asks, “How much do I have to pay for a hundred shares of General Motors?“ The highest bid is $65.25 and the least amount for which anyone has offered to sell is $65.75. Both want to get the best price. So they compromise and agree on a buy/sell at $65.50.The New York S
20、tock Exchange itself neither buys nor sells stocks; it simply serves as a mechanism by which brokers buy and sell for their clients. Each transaction is carried out in public and the information is sent electronically to every brokerage office in the nation.（分数：25.00）_3. ShakespeareFor any Englishma
21、n, there can never be any discussion as to who is the worlds greatest poet and greatest dramatist. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of US use words, phrases and
22、quotations from Shakespeares writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we use, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that “it was full of wel
23、l-known proverbs and quotations!“Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the great sources of the English language. Most of US use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in Iris works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no
24、better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman!) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even though some aspects of English us
25、age, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeares day.It is paradoxical that we should know comparatively little about the life of the greatest English author. We know that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon, and that he dies there in 1616. He almost certainly attend
26、ed the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know he was married there in 1582 to Anne Hathaway and that he has three children, a boy and two girls. We know that he spent much of his life in London writing his masterpieces. But this is almost all that we do know.However, what
27、 is important about Shakespeares life is not its incidental details but its products, the plays and the poems. For many years scholars have been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeares life to the small number we already possess and for an equally long time critics have been theorizing about th
28、e plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear beneath the great mass of comment that has been written upon it.Fortunately this is not likely to happen. Shakespeares poetry and Shakespeares people (Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, Falstaff and all the others) have long d
29、elighted not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and commentators and all their works have been forgotten.（分数：25.00）_4. The Welfare StateEvery British citizen who is employed (or self-employed) is obliged to pay a weekly contribution to
30、 the national insurance and health schemes. An employer also makes a contribution for each of his employees, and the Government too pays a certain amount. This plan was brought into being in 1948. Its aim is to prevent anyone from going without medical services, if he needs them, however poor he may
31、 be; to ensure that a person who is out of work shall receive a weekly sum of money to subsist on; and to provide a small pension for those who have reached the age of retirement.Everyone can register with a doctor of his choice and if he is ill he can consult the doctor without having to pay for th
32、e doctors service, although he has to pay a small charge for medicines. The doctor may, if necessary, send a patient to a specialist. or to hospital; in both cases treatment will be given without any fees being payable. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their treatment, but they
33、 must still pay their contributions to the national insurance and health schemes. During illness the patient can draw a small amount every week, to make up for his wages. Everyone who needs to have his eyes seen to may go to a state-registered oculist and if his sight is weak he can get spectacles f
34、rom an optician at a much reduced price. For a small payment he may go to a dentist; if he needs false teeth, he can obtain dentures for less than they would cost from a private dentist. When a man is out of work, he may draw unemployment benefit until he finds work again; this he will probably do b
35、y going to a Job Centre (an office run by the State to help people find jobs). If he is married, the allowance he receives will be larger. Obviously the amount paid is comparatively small, for the State does not want people to stop working in order to draw a handsome sum of money for doing nothing!W
36、hen a man reaches the age of sixty-five, he may retire from work and then he has the right to draw a State pension. For women, the age of retirement is sixty. Mothers-to-be and children receive special benefits such as free milk or certain foodstuffs for which only a minimum charge is made. The Stat
37、e pays to the mother a small weekly sum for each child in a family. There is also an allowance for funeral, for the State boasts that it looks after people “from cradle to grave“! There are special benefits for certain people, such as the blind and the handicapped.The amount of money needed to opera
38、te these schemes is enormous and a large part of the money comes not from the contributions but from taxation.It is this social insurance scheme, together with the Governments determination to see that there is full employment (or as near as can be), that constitutes what we can call the “Welfare St
39、ate“.（分数：25.00）_英语翻译中级口译-25 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BTRANSLATION TES(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1. A Mixed Economy: the United States SystemThe economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. This system, often referred to as a “free enterprise system“, can be contrasted with
40、a socialist economic system, which depends heavily on government planning and public ownership of the means of production. It should be noted that although the United States operates a system of private enterprise, government has to some extent always been involved in regulating and guiding the U.S.
41、 economy. At the same time, U.S. citizens have always had the freedom to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. Most important, they vote for officials who set economic policy. In the U.S. economic system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis,
42、mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economy function. The markets primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers. This has led analysts to dub the U.S. economic system a “market economy“.As a rule, consumers look for the bes
43、t values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote the public security, assure fair competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather
44、than private enterprises. Some of these public services include education (although there are many private schools and training centers), the postal (but not the telephone) service, the road system, social statistical reporting and, of course, national defense.In the United States most people are si
45、multaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help influence the decisions of government. The mixture among consumers, producers and members of government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In recent years consumers have made their concern known, and
46、government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote general public welfare. The U.S. economy has changed in other ways as well. The population and the labor force have moved dramatically from farms to cities, from fields to factories and, above a11, to service ind
47、ustries, thus providing more personal and public services. In todays economy, these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods. Statistics also reveal a rather startling shift away from self-employment to working for others. Generally, there are three kinds
48、of businesses: (1)those started and managed personally by single owners or single entrepreneurs; (2)the partnership where two or more people share the risks and rewards of business, and(3)the corporation where shareholders as owners can buy or sell their shares at any time on the open market. This latter structure, by far the most important, permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people, making possible large-scale enterprises.（分数：25.00）_
