1、职称英语理工类 A 级（阅读理解与补全短文）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：20.00)1.阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。（分数：10.00）_On the Trial of the Honey Badger On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers. The team e
2、mployed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behavior as discreetly as possible without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to tr
3、ap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animals reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do. “The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new. “ he says. “That, combined with their unpr
4、edictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious. For
5、tunately this is rare, but it does happen. “ The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, h
6、owever, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey. The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose fa
7、mily groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other. Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cov
8、er more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species. As the badgers became accustomed to the pre
9、sence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosityor their sudden aggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures t
10、hat form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt badgers relaxed attitude when near humans.(2013 年)（分数：10.00）(1).Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert?（分数：2.00）A.To find where honey badgers live.B.To observe how honey badgers behave.C.To catch some hone
11、y badgers for food.D.To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.(2).What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?（分数：2.00）A.They show interest in things they are not familiar with.B.They are always looking for food.C.They do not enjoy human company.D.It is common for them to attack people.
12、(3).What did the team find out about honey badgers?（分数：2.00）A.There were some creatures they did not eat.B.They were afraid of poisonous creatures.C.They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.D.Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.(4).Which of the following is a typical feature of
13、 male badgers?（分数：2.00）A.They dont run very quickly.B.They hunt over a very large area.C.They defend their territory from other badgers.D.They are more aggressive than females.(5).What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?（分数：2.00）A.They became less aggressive towards other cre
14、atures.B.They started eating more.C.Other animals started working with them.D.They lost interest in people.二、补全短文(总题数：6，分数：60.00)2.补全短文 (第 46-50，每题下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。（分数：10.00）_Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely con
15、fess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesnt seem logical. But it is logical, say experts. If you understand what can happen in a police interrogation(审讯)room. Under the right conditions, peoples minds are susceptible(易受影响的)to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police q
16、uestioning is enormous. 1“The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise its impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didnt do. The answer is: to put all end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess. “ Developmental psychologist Mar
17、y Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didnt do. 2The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting “alt“ key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility. Redl
18、ichs findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess; 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. 3Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as 13-year-olds. “Theres no question that young people are more at risk,“ says Sau
19、l Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar studies. 4 Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire “interrogation“ in their experiments consisted of a simple accusationnot hours of aggressive questioningand still, most participants falsely confess
20、ed. 5“In some ways,“ says Kassin, “false confession becomes a rational decision. “A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the alt key, because doing so would crash the systems.B. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can beco
21、me convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.C. “Its a little like somebodys working on them with a dental(牙齿)drill,“ .says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D. “But the baseline is that adults are highly vulnerable too. “
22、E. The court found him innocent and he was released.F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_The Mysteries of Nazca In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the
23、world has mystified people for decades. 1But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth. The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they werent discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over
24、the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines. Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. 2However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spa
25、ceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys. In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle of the movement of the stars and planets. 3Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldnt find any relation between the lines
26、and movements in space. Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. Its possible that in the past, the lines of
27、Nazca were created for a similar purpose. 4But the local people have never constructed anything this big. Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm o
28、f rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. 5(2012 年)A. Other scientists are now
29、 searching for evidence to prove this.B. A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.C. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.E. Seen from the g
30、round, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.F. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world“.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Toads Are Arthritis and in Pain Arthritis is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of A
31、ustralia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 1 The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian sta
32、te of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60km a year. The toads can now be fou
33、nd across more than one million square kilometers. 2A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species. The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately
34、from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 3 A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads f
35、rom Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly. According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. 4But speed and strength come at a pricear
36、thritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them. In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop. 5These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads
37、travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.(2013 年)A. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.B. Toads are not built to be road runnersthey are built to sit around ponds and we
38、t areas.C. But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory the research found.D. But this advantage also has a big drawbackup to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.E. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural hab
39、itats of Australias native species.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Why Do People Shrink? Did you ever see the movie Honey, I Shrunk the Kids? Its about a wacky dad(whos also a scientist)who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! 1 For older people
40、, shrinking isnt that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height(maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking cant be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. 2
41、 There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity(the force that keeps your feet on the ground)takes hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to col
42、lapse into one another. 3But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue(which is found inside of most bones)is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. 4Bones become smaller and weaker and
43、can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people- especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit. Did you know that every day you do a shrinkin
44、g act? You arent as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. Thats because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed(squeezed)due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Dont worry, though. 5A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a perso
45、n lose a little height and become shorter.B. Once you get a good nights rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, youre standing tall again.C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because its not being replaced.D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.E. The kids spen
46、d the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.F. But why does shrinking happen at all?（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Whats Lacking in “Sicko“? When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade-offs. Gain one thing
47、and you lose something else. 1 The central argument of Michael Moores movie “Sicko“ that the cure to the nations health care problems is a single-payer systemis hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer
48、 plans of other countriesBritain, France, Canada and Cuba Mr. Moore left out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. 2 Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor(主持人)of “MTV News“, wrote a critique(批评)of the film for MTVs website. “Sicko,“ he said, “does a real service“ in portraying
