1、职称英语理工类 A 级（阅读判断）历年真题试卷汇编 1 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：5，分数：70.00)1.阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。（分数：14.00）_Europas Watery Underworld Europa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons, looks bright and icy on the surface
2、. But appearances can be deceiving: Miles within its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we cant go diving into Europas depths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons su
3、rface for clues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earths
4、 moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines and cracks known as “chaos terrains. “ These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground sto
5、res of liquid water with icy material near the surface. For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is exciting. “It would be great if these lakes harbored life,“ Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, t
6、old Science News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now. “ Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldnt rocket to Europa to see for themselves, they
7、 searched for similar formations here on Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and ice of
8、different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures. “Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,“ Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could be c
9、ausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa. The new study suggests that on this moon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.(2012 年)（分数：14.00）(1).The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa i
10、s estimated equivalent with that of the US Great lakes.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(2).The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a giant underground water pool.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(3).Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiters moons.（分数：2.00）
11、A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(4).The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earths moon.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(5).Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists discovering Europa.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(6).The formations on Europas surface are rather uniq
12、ue.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention(7).The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionCalifornia Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality, now that California has given the green light
13、to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016. But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely. A start-up company called Solaren is designing the sa
14、tellites, which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth. The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit. Earth-based solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sun light during da
15、ytime and when skies are clear. But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space, says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. “If youre talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth, its a tough
16、 go. “ he says. Cal Boerman, Solarens director of energy services, says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down. “We knew we had to come up with a different, revolutionary design,“ he says. A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the systems weight,
17、 including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells, so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy. But using minors introduces other challenges, including keeping the solar cells from overheating, says Schwartz. “You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because youre
18、 now concentrating a lot of energy in one place,“ he says. According to the companys patent, Solarens solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool. Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of
19、renewable energy. Laws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years, he points out. “To meet those needs, were going to need all types of renewable energy sources,“ he says.(2010 年)（分数：14.00）(1).Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy d
20、own from space.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).One advantage of space-based
21、solar power system is that it is economical.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.Wron
22、gC.Not mentioned(7).Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedA Dolphin and an Astronomer One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting
23、an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. The dolphin wanted Sagan to s
24、cratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word “more“. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the
25、incident. “Oh, yes. Thats one of the words he knows,“ the director said, showing no surprise at all. Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have diff
26、erent functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphin than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a “language“, in the real
27、 sense of the word? Scientists dont agree on this. A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions “Who loves Mary?“ and “Who does Mary
28、 love?“ mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesnt come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question “Can dolphins speak?“ cant be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but
29、 also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.(2003 年)（分数：14.00）(1).The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.（分数：2.00）A.Ri
30、ghtB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Parts of the dolphins brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Dolphins travel faster in water than any othe
31、r animals.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedEarth Rocks on Most of
32、the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. Thats comforting. But its also misleading because theres actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land(called plates)slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of yea
33、rs. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4. 5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust(地壳), eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group o
34、f researchers has an answer. Theyve found new evidence suggesting that Earths crust started shifting at least 3. 8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids(小行星)were hitting Earth, keeping its crust
35、in a hot, melted state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planets hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(
36、上地壳)belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a t
37、ype of volcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today. Tha
38、t explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3. 8 billion years ago.(2011 年)（分数：14.00）(1).The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The shape of land
39、s and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting three billion years ago.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC
40、.Not mentioned(5).It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 8 billion years ago.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The Isua supracrustal belt is now a popular h
41、oliday resort.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned职称英语理工类 A 级（阅读判断）历年真题试卷汇编 1 答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：5，分数：70.00)1.阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。（分数：14.00）_解析：Europas Watery Underworld Europa, one of Jupite
42、rs 63 known moons, looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Miles within its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we cant go diving into Europas depths just ye
43、t, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface for clues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes. Pic
44、tures of Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines and cracks known as “chaos terrains. “ These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations. The new study suggests t
45、hat they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface. For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is exciting. “It would be great if these lakes harbored life,“ Britney Sch
46、midt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now. “ Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since the
47、y couldnt rocket to Europa to see for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists now suspect something similar m
48、ight be happening on Europa: that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures. “Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,“ Schmidt told Science Ne
49、ws. She and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa. The new study suggests that on this moon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.(2012 年)（分数：14.00）(1).The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated equivalent with th
