1、职称英语理工类 A级-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Because of Odens uniqueness, he is always performing in the spotlight and subject to public scrutiny.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculeB.censorshipC.examinationD.criticism2.Nurses should give reassurance that secrecy will be maintained.（分数：1
2、.00）A.suspicionB.confidentialityC.confidenceD.publicity3.Parents who lack the finance to send their children to a private school have to tolerate the state system.（分数：1.00）A.put up withB.stand withC.stand up toD.put themselves to4.Many SRT members believe it is both a biological and a divine necessi
3、ty for a man to be the head of the family.（分数：1.00）A.imperativeB.alternativeC.orderD.matter5.Dont put the box of books on that table; its not very robust.（分数：1.00）A.healthyB.largeC.vigorousD.strong6.Thursday, the terrible noise was substituted by the grim, steady hum of search and recovery.（分数：1.00）
4、A.replacedB.expiredC.returnedD.restored7.Its getting very dim in here. Can you turn on the light, please?（分数：1.00）A.dampB.bareC.darkD.dismal8.He was deceived by her soft words.（分数：1.00）A.taken byB.taken offC.taken inD.taken up9.Bad living conditions breed social and welfare problems.（分数：1.00）A.give
5、rise toB.give in toC.bring upD.bring out10.Grierson remains cautious of offending the public, of moving too quickly.（分数：1.00）A.wearyB.waryC.suspiciousD.crucial11.That is in obvious contrast to the way things were.（分数：1.00）A.vacantB.utterC.starkD.austere12.The carts are painted to correspond to the t
6、hemed area they are used in.（分数：1.00）A.march withB.combine withC.standardizeD.coordinate with13.The middle-aged man was given a cordial reception because he was taken for an eminent writer.（分数：1.00）A.known to beB.intendedC.referred to asD.thought to be14.Please dont drop that china vase: its one of
7、my prize possessions.（分数：1.00）A.belongingsB.ownershipC.propertyD.shopping15.The president of the soccer association said that the two best teams might merge in the next month.（分数：1.00）A.competeB.combineC.reshuffleD.reconcile二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是
8、正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。Hydroponics, the science of growing plants, in water or inert substances, represents one of the most innovative practices in modern agricultural development. Not only does it allow greater of the plant growth process, it permits the production of cro
9、ps in hostile infertile environments.The first widely publicized soilless gardening experiments were conducted during the 1930s. W. F. Gericke varied nutrient levels among specimens suspended in a gravel substrate (沙砾基质) to demonstrate remarkable alterations in growth. Among the findings that amazed
10、 his fellow horticulturists was the production of tomato plants over 6 meters high.The original hydroponics gardens merely consisted of plants floating in water. It was later discovered that the roots could survive in a number of media, as long as they were supplied with sufficient moisture, nutrien
11、ts and oxygen. A variety of materials are used in recent versions including gravel, sand, peat, sawdust, plastics and so on. Indeed, one of the most productive methods involves suspending plants in air with a Styrofoam support and spraying them occasionally with nutrient solution to keep them moist.
12、Many different kinds of materials are suitable for physically containing plants, yet all of these systems share one trait: the culture solution. This nutrient bath is prepared in a tank by dissolving salts which provide the necessary chemicals for plant metabolism. Constant care must be taken to ass
13、ure that the sodium chloride(氯化纳)levels in the tank do not reach excessive levels as the plants draw water and minerals out of the solution. The acidity of the tank must also be maintained around 6.0 to 6.5 depending on the specific type of plants being harvested.Although soilless farming is general
14、ly more expensive than utilizing fertile land, there are many advantages that make it an important alternative to traditional practices. Herbicides and pesticides are unnecessary because of the controlled environment. The plants also need less space to grow because their nutrient uptake is significa
15、ntly more efficient. The most outstanding benefit, though, is the ability to produce crops in areas with poor soil conditions or insufficient rainfall.（分数：7.00）(1).Earth is mentioned by the author as a necessity for hydroponics.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).It was discovered t
16、hat roots could survive in many different kinds of materials.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).According to the passage, the higher cost would be a good reason not to use hydroponics.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The original hydroponics gardens merely consi
17、sted of plants floating in inert substances.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The soilless farming is generally cheaper than traditional practices.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).One of the advantages of using hydroponics is increased pesticides and herbicides
18、.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The passage mainly discusses how to control plant growth.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Even
19、 after centuries of scientific research, no one knows for sure why human beings (plus a few other primates, including chimpanzees, apes, and orangutans) laugh.2. Even if scientists still do not know why we laugh, they have learned a lot about it. For example: The sound of laughter is created when yo
20、u inhale deeply and then release the air while your diaphragm moves in a series of short, spasmodic contractions. The typical laugh is made up of pulses of sound that are about 1/15th of a second long and 1/5th of a second apart.3. One of the most interesting things researchers have learned is the p
21、owerful healing effect of laughter. Well, actually they re re-learning it after centuries of neglect: In the Middle Ages, doctors “treated“ their patients by telling them jokes, but modem medicine discounted the curative properties of laughing. That began to change in 1979, when editor Norman Cousin
22、s wrote Anatomy of an Illness, in which he credited watching humorous videos with helping him reduce pain and recover from ankylosing spondylitis (类风湿性脊椎炎), a lifethreatening degenerative spinal disease. The book inspired researchers to look into whether laughter really could aid in healing and reco
23、very from illness.4. In 1995, two researchers at the Loma Linda University School of Medicine had 10 medical students watch a 60-minute videotape of Gallagher, a stand-up comedian famous for smashing watermelons and other objects with a sledgehammer. The researchers found that after watching the vid
24、eo, where was a measurable decrease in stress hormones, including epinephrine and dopamine, in the students blood, plus an increase in endorphins-the body s natural painkillers. But the most changes were found in the students immune systems. These included Increased levels of gamma interferon, a hor
25、mone that “switches on“ the immune system, helps fight viruses and regulates cell growth. Increased numbers of “helper T-cells,“ which help the body coordinate the immune systems response to illness More “Compliment 3,“ a substance that helps antibodies destroy infected and damaged cells An increase
26、 in the number and activity of “natural killer (NK) cells,“ which the body uses to attack foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected by viruses5. Some of the levels even began to change before the students watched the video-just from the expectation that they were about to laugh. “Say you re go
27、ing to your favorite restaurant,“ Dr. Berk explains. “You can visualize the food; you can almost taste it. You are already experiencing the physiology of enjoying it. Your immune system also remembers. By using humor to combat stress, you can condition yourself to strengthen your immune system.“6. C
28、himpanzees, apes and a few other primates laugh, but no other animals do Chimps laugh sounds like rapid panting, but unlike humans, they are unable to regulate or control the air as they breathe out. This lack of ability to control airflow is same thing that deprives them of speech. Chimps and goril
29、las that have learned sign language have been known to sign one another for laughs（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3. _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4. _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5. _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6. _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Scientists do not have clear evidence as to_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The r
30、eason for the medical benefits of laughter relates to_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Human beings are the only creatures that_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Laughter essentially involves _A. seem to know how to control laughter（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面
31、的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BIn an average winter, highway departments spread some ten million tons of salt to keep roads safe. The corrosive effects are well known, but for years they re been dismissed with the argument that at around $ 25 a ton, salt is far cheaper than any alternative.Lately, econo
32、mists have added up the actual costs. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that salt-induced road damage and vehicle corrosion cost $ 3 billion a year. That does not include damage to underground cables, which adds hundreds of millions to utility bills. Nor does it reflect the cost of brine
33、 leaking into porous water pipes, threatening the water supply. Salty water leaches into roadbeds, kills evergreens and poisons streams.The various costs probably add another $ 2 billion to the national salt bill. Scientists estimate the full economic, or “life cycle,“ cost for a ton of salt at $ 50
34、0, or 20 times the $ 25 purchase price. That begins to make the switch to calcium magnesium acetate, perhaps the most promising alternative look practical. CMA, made from acetic acid and dolomitic(含白石的) lime, costs $ 600 a ton and has minimal adverse effect. Some researchers believe the cost can be
35、halved by making CMA from waste cheese whey or pulp-mill effluent.While CMA and other alternatives are being researched, many cities and states are cutting back on their use of salt. Keeping dispensing equipment in good repair helps reduce the amount spread.（分数：15.00）(1).Salt spread on road in winte
36、r may cause all the following problems except _.（分数：3.00）A.road damageB.vehicle corrosionC.damage of underground cablesD.car accident(3).Why is CMA favoured to salt? Because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is less expensiveB.it has minimal adverse effectC.people like it better than saltD.highway departments want to
37、 have a change(4).In the last sentence, “the amount“ is referred to that of_.（分数：3.00）A.CMAB.saltC.other alternativesD.either of the above(5).According to the author, when can CMA be applied to the road?（分数：3.00）A.In the near future.B.Right now.C.After its cost halved.D.Cannot tell from the passage.
38、B第二篇/BAfter the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,
39、000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings a
40、nd highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake - re - sistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often t
41、ake place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of groun
42、d vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift
43、in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.（分数：15.00）(1).One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.（分数：3.00）A.n
44、ew computers had been installed in the buildingsB.large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayC.it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysD.improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways(2).The function of the computer mentioned in the
45、 passage is to_.（分数：3.00）A.measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrationsB.help strengthen the foundation of the buildingC.predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyD.counterbalance an earthquakes action on the building(3).The smart buildings discussed in the passage _.（分数：3.00）A.can reduce
46、the ground vibrations caused by earthquakesB.would be worthwhile though costlyC.would not be worthwhileD.would cause serious financial problems(4).It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _.（分数：3.00）A.the increasing use of
47、 rubber and steel in capital constructionB.the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsC.the development of flexible building materialsD.early forecasts of earthquakes(5).The authors main purpose in writing this passage is to_.（分数：3.00）A.compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred
48、in the U. S.B.outline the history of the development of quake- resistant building materialsC.report new developments in constructing quake - resistant buildingsD.encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersB第三篇/BSince about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understands these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. You can t look at a ch
