1、职称英语理工类 A级-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.This table is strong and durable.（分数：1.00）A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternal2.He endured great pain before he finally expired.（分数：1.00）A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated3.The index is the governments chief gauge
2、of future economic activity.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.methodD.decision4.She stood there, trembling with fear.（分数：1.00）A.jumpingB.cryingC.movingD.shaking5.John is eligible for this job.（分数：1.00）A.acceptedB.qualifiedC.rejectedD.recommended6.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated
3、 water.（分数：1.00）A.boiledB.pollutedC.mixedD.sweetened7.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.（分数：1.00）A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up8.You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.betterC.acquireD.support9.Its sensible
4、to start any exercise program gradually at first.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.reasonableC.possibleD.available10.Medical facilities are being upgraded.（分数：1.00）A.expandedB.repairedC.improvedD.transferred11.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.（分数：1.00）A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staring12.The econo
5、my continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.（分数：1.00）A.playB.showC.sendD.tell13.Mary looked pale and weary.（分数：1.00）A.worriedB.uglyC.sillyD.exhausted14.Rock climbing is hazardous.（分数：1.00）A.interestingB.dangerousC.attractiveD.useful15.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.（分数：1.
6、00）A.take outB.break offC.push inD.dig up二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Mother Nature Shows Her Strength/BTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.
7、George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly
8、 it disappeared,“ Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda S
9、ymcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said.“ I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.“The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars
10、and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches o
11、f rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was. so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Ma
12、ny people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm,“ s
13、aid Snyder. “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“（分数：7.00）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentione
14、d(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred year
15、s.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).Several people were missing during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326题要求
16、从所给的 6个选项中为第 14段每段选择 1个正确的小标题：(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Earth Angels/B1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in lsle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigar
17、ette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Buffs on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were
18、filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片).2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Sp
19、rings, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many. species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at S
20、teamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil.
21、 It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land
22、. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude“ program runs oil-collection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil.4 Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a
23、little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ryan, of Kempt
24、ville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“ Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean w
25、ater and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _ A Provide Clean Water B Dig Oil Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项
26、 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to _. A make new materials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butts F collect disposed oil（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his
27、 efforts, to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每道题后面有 4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案
28、。B第一篇/BB Technology Transfer in Germany/BWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣
29、) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit.Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes th
30、at exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the fe
31、deral programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every sci
32、entist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the sm
33、all businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that pla
34、ys the greatest role in technology transfer.Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology i
35、n Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.（分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?（分数：3.00）A.Technology transfer.B.Good management.C.Hard work.D.Fierce competition.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?（分数：3.00）A.It is
36、 free.B.It is profit-driven.C.It is widely available.D.It is curiosity-driven.(3).The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in（分数：3.00）A.Asia.B.USA.C.Europe.D.Africa.(4).When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?（分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last year.C.After the unification.D.I
37、n 1949.(5).The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“experts“.B.“scientists“.C.“scholars“.D.“special knowledge“.B第二篇/BB Superconducting Ceramic (陶瓷)/BAn underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon
38、become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit a
39、re revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance.
40、They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconducting material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resis
41、tance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic mat
42、erial that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋), strontium (锶), and calcium (钙). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is s
43、upercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power. Other cities are wa
44、tching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.With a flip of switch, electricity can be transmitted.B.Other American cities can benefit
45、from the high-performance cables.C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables.(2).Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors（分数：3.00）A.have little or no electrical resistance.B.can be used for a long time.C
46、.are not energy-efficient.D.can be made easily.(3).At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?（分数：3.00）A.-143 degree Celsius.B.-263 degree Celsius.C.As long as it is ice-cold.D.Absolute zero.(4).What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?（分数：3.00）A.C
47、opper.B.Liquid nitrogen.C.Clay.D.Calcium.(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Other cities hope they can also conserve power.B.Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon.C.Superconductors waste less power because of their low r
48、esistance.D.The Frisbie experiment is not successful.B第三篇/BB The Science of the Future/BUntil recently, the “science of the future“ was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic (合成的) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool
