1、职称英语理工类 A级-29 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.（分数：1.00）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better2.The staff
2、of the company are always courteous and helpful.（分数：1.00）A.efficientB.respectableC.well-informedD.respectful3.The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.worriedC.anxiousD.unhappy4.It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.（分数：
3、1.00）A.pulled downB.rebuiltC.renovatedD.whitewashed5.In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.（分数：1.00）A.extremely thoroughB.long and boringC.superficialD.unconvincing6.The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.（分数：1.00）A.simply uselessB.really practical
4、C.very littleD.extremely useful7.He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.（分数：1.00）A.long and detailedB.short and clearC.comprehensiveD.professional8.We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.（分数：1.00）A.effectiveB.cleverC.implausibleD.original9.Examinati
5、on papers of the class were marked without bias.（分数：1.00）A.immediatelyB.correctlyC.fairlyD.carefully10.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.（分数：1.00）A.resumedB.put an end toC.suspendedD.re-scheduled11.The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.（分数：1.00
6、）A.reasonableB.sensibleC.crazyD.unbelievable12.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent13.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.（分数：1.00）A.adhered toB.abandonedC.appliedD.adopt
7、ed14.He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.（分数：1.00）A.hot-temperedB.energeticC.pollutedD.sympathetic15.Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.（分数：1.00）A.violent criminalsB.politici
8、ansC.musiciansD.industrialists二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BiodieselYuthachai of Thailand has invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biodiesel
9、is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it limits the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which have become increasingly expensive.Yuthachai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodie
10、sel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fuel at service stations, but refuses to sell his patent, despite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible t
11、o farmers, so they can make their own fuel.There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachais is one of the most basic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one part kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines.Despite the pub
12、lic interest in biodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachais fuel. Since there is currently no regulatory system for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachais fuel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700,000 liters a day of biodiese
13、l made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 46 US cents cheaper than diesel.According to some scientists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage
14、engines in the long run. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to refine the waste oil is being built in Thailand. The plant will show the biodiesel-making potential of 60,000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily.Other Asian countr
15、ies have been researching biodieselMalaysia, and the Philippines for 20 yearsbut Thailand is the first country to have public policy supporting its commercialization.That trend looks like continuing, with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until
16、thats working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais.（分数：7.00）(1).Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodiesel.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wr
17、ong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels.（分数：1.00）A
18、.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Yuthachais fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US-Thailand joint venture in Bangkok.（分数：1.00
19、）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers interest before his own.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 1、3、5、6 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项
20、。LED Lighting1 An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting alternative to the traditional light bulb. The breakthrough adds to a growing trend that is likely to eventually make Thomas Edisons bright invent
21、ion obsolete. LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible and operate less expensively than traditional lighting.2 Michael Bowers, a graduate student at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dots, which are crystal
22、s generally only a few nanometers big. Quantum dots contain any where from 100 to 1,000 electrons. Theyre easily excited bundles of energy, and the smaller they are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers particular batch was exceptionally small, containing only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms.3 When
23、 you shine a light on quantum dots or apply electricity to them, they react by producing their own light, normally a bright, vibrant color. But when Bowers shined a laser on his batch of dots, something unexpected happened. He was surprised when a white glow covered the table. The quantum dots were
24、supposed to emit blue light, but instead they were giving off a beautiful white glow.4 Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyurethane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix. The lumpy bulb wasnt pretty, but it produced white light similar to a regular light bulb
25、.5 LEDs produce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn for over 50,000 hours. The Department of Energy estimates LED lighting could reduce U.S. energy consumption for lighting by 29 percent by 2025. LEDs dont emit heat, so theyre also more energy efficient. And theyre much harder to
26、break.6 Quantum dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors, including white. The main light source of the future will almost surely not be a bulb. It might be a table, a wall, or even a fork.A. LED Lighting Is Not MatureB. LED Lightin
27、g Will Replace Traditional LightingC. Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the FutureD. LED Lighting Has Many AdvantagesE. Bowers Made an Unexpected DiscoveryF. LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _.（分数
28、：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. traditional lighting is less durable and dearerB. a laser excited the quantum dotsC. America adopted LEDSD. graduate students work hardE. quantum dot mixtures are magicF. it is more efficient（分数：4.00）(1).Unlike traditional lighting, LEDs do not give
29、out heat so _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Edisons bright invention is likely to be outdated because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Something unexpected happened during Bowers experiment when _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分
30、：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BSmart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting e
31、dge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Up
32、psala University in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. “ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it com
33、es to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refre
34、shing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient
35、. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is
36、clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feat
37、ure that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory. “ All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development
38、 of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different. “（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?（分数：3.00）A.
39、Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C.Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.(2).When are windows the weak link in a building?（分数：3.00）A.In the cold winter.B.In th
40、e hot summer.C.When air conditioners are turned on.D.Both and .(3).What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4 ?（分数：3.00）A.Windows that are coated.B.Windows that are glazed.C.Windows the color of which can be changed.D.Windows that have many layers.(4).To make electrochromic windows change colo
41、r, what is applied to the window glass?（分数：3.00）A.Electricity.B.Tungsten oxide.C.A battery.D.A voltage.(5).What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The buildings will look different.B.Windows can be as large as y
42、ou want.C.We may not need air conditioners any more.D.They are less expensive than traditional windows.B第二篇/B“Hidden“ Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distantmay be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings cou
43、ld have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technol
44、ogy. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal
45、regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that hav
46、e low populations and are highly endangered. “ Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. “It could be as high as 30%. “ Pfenninger says.“Im extremely surprised by their results. “ S
47、ays Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. “Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. “Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxon
48、omic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the
49、African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant conseq
