1、职称英语理工类 A 级-28 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Her specialty is heart surgery.（分数：1.00）A.regionB.siteC.fieldD.platform2.Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.（分数：1.00）A.banB.removeC.eliminateD.expel3.He was elevated to the post of prime minister.（分
2、数：1.00）A.pulledB.promotedC.liftedD.treated4.She was a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.girlB.womanC.problemD.mystery5.The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.（分数：1.00）A.differentB.proudC.uncomfortableD.unconscious6.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.
3、demandC.postponeD.obtain7.The change in that village was miraculous.（分数：1.00）A.conservativeB.amazingC.insignificantD.unforgettable8.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.（分数：1.00）A.spreadB.mixedC.beatenD.covered9.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply fir
4、st.（分数：1.00）A.postedB.sentC.givenD.handed10.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.（分数：1.00）A.friendlyB.privateC.strongD.secret11.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.（分数：1.00）A.ableB.fortunateC.qualifiedD.competent12.She read a poem whi
5、ch depicts the splendor of the sunset.（分数：1.00）A.declaresB.assertsC.describesD.announces13.From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculous.（分数：1.00）A.fieldB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.information14.The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.（分数：1.00）A.destroyedB.broke
6、C.smashedD.changed15.The latest census is encouraging.（分数：1.00）A.statementB.assessmentC.evaluationD.count二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Plants and MankindBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar positio
7、n in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors (祖先) knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously (巨大地) import
8、ant to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon (亚马逊河) recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably
9、not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge,
10、and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid (淡紫色的). When our Neolithic (新石器时代) ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a
11、 new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there fro
12、m many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.（分数：7.00）(1).It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B
13、. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).People cannot survive without plants.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Our direct contact with plants grows w
14、ith the process of industrialization.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food abou
15、t 10,000 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 36 段每段选择
16、 1 个最佳标题：(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Ford1. Fords great strength was the manufacturing process - not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, a
17、lthough it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2. The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, F
18、ords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3. The same year Hen
19、ry Ford shocked the world with the $ 5 - a day minimum wage scheme. The greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $ 2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man coul
20、d be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic crime“. And critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4. But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make
21、 the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matter-except for making it possible for more People to buy cars.A. Fords FollowersB. The Assembly LineC. Fords Great DreamD. The Establishment o
22、f the CompanyE. Fords Biggest ContributionF. Fords Great Talent（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. criticized by the mediaB. the low wage in the auto industryC. own a carD. produce cars in lar
23、ge numbersE. the 8-hour-shift practiceF. combined technology and market（分数：4.00）(1).The assembly line made it possible to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Ford was the first to adopt _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Higher wages enabled many people to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was st
24、rongly（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BThe Gene IndustryMajor companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes (酶) in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollu
25、tion to a microprocessor (微处理器) that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.Nervous critics, including many
26、 scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological (生物科技的) field. They create images not of oil spills, but of microbe spills that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of
27、 extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger (使震惊) the imagination.Should we breed people with cowlike stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by
28、modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate inferior people and breed a su
29、per-race? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic (遗传的) forecasting to pre-eliminate (除去) unfit (不合适的) babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having,
30、 as it were, a “savings bank “ full of spare kidney, livers, or hands?Wild as thses notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in
31、their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way sa assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance boomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploit
32、de and a market for the new technology will be created. “（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, the new biology could potentially solve the pollution problem of automobiles by（分数：3.00）A.using metal-hungry microbes.B.making use of enzymes.C.adjusting the engines.D.patenting new lifeforms.(2).Accordi
33、ng to the passage, which of the following would most probably worry the critics of the following would most probably worry the critics of the new biology?（分数：3.00）A.The microbes in the ocean warter.B.The creation and application of biological solar cells.C.The accidental oil spills.D.The unexpected
34、release of destructive micrbes.(3).Which of the following possibilities of the biotechnological applications is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Developing a savings bank of ones orangs.B.Breeding soldiers for a war.C.Producing people with cow-like stomachs.D.Using genetic forecasting
35、 to curt diseases.(4).According to the passage, Hitler had attempted to（分数：3.00）A.biologically change the pilots to win the war.B.develop genetic farming for increasing the food supply.C.kill the people he thought of as being inferior.D.encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.(5).Wh
36、at is the implication of the sratement of Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard?（分数：3.00）A.The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.B.Large-scale genetic engineering has occurred in the Untied States.C.Americans are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetic technologies.D.The
37、 potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.B第二篇/BMale and Female Pilots Cause Accidents DifferentlyMale pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision making. While female pilots are m
38、ore likely to crash from mishandling (错误地处理) the aircraft (航行器). These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type o
39、f pilots error involved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths“ in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots, “ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and ma
40、nagement at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.The researchers extracted data for this study from a large res
41、earch project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation (航行) crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of med
42、ical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance fo
43、r both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel (燃料), and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females.The majority of t
44、he crashes - 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males - involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females (accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males
45、, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect (过失). Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally
46、 more careful than their male counterparts.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?（分数：3.00）A.Causes of aircraft crash.B.Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.C.Causes of mishandling aircraft.D.Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United
47、States.(2).Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source of aviation accidents in the United States.B.Male pilots, like male vehicle drivers, are more likely to have accidents than female pilots.C.It is common
48、ly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.D.Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash.(3).How did the researchers carry out their study?（分数：3.00）A.They studied the findings of several previous researc
49、h projects.B.They conduced a questionnaire with 411 pilots.C.They collected data from the database at the Johns Hopkins UniversityD.They analyzed the circumstances of the crashes involved.(4).What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?（分数：3.00）A.Mechanical failure and running out of fuel.B.Loss of control on landing or takeoff and s
