1、职称英语理工类 A 级-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.（分数：1.00）A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up2.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.（分数：1.00）A.boiledB.pollutedC.mix
2、edD.sweetened3.There are various kinds of food in China.（分数：1.00）A.lotB.manyC.differentD.delicious4.Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive.（分数：1.00）A.very boringB.very thoroughC.very interestingD.very touching5.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.
3、inadequate6.The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle.（分数：1.00）A.fatalB.hatefulC.goodD.useful7.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink.（分数：1.00）A.disappearB.expandC.breakD.contract8.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.（
4、分数：1.00）A.suggestedB.warnedC.statedD.confirmed9.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect10.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.personalC.complexD.funny11.Its sensible to start any exercise program g
5、radually at first.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.reasonableC.possibleD.available12.The movie has a satisfying ending.（分数：1.00）A.pleasingB.sadC.interestingD.horrific13.The bad news upset me very much.（分数：1.00）A.disturbB.saddenC.angerD.disappoint14.Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of i
6、ncidents.（分数：1.00）A.displayedB.shownC.provedD.assessed15.He endured great pain before he finally expired.（分数：1.00）A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Plants in DesertOnly special
7、plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75. Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the suns ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong w
8、inds which drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants, tearing and damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to
9、the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is
10、 the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time that the water from the spring rains disappearsjust a few weeks after it fallssuch plants no longer need any.The perennials have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have
11、extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation.Another feature of many desert perennials
12、is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more,
13、and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.（分数：7.00）(1).Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Grasses and flowers in desert are able to survive bec
14、ause they stay in the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short shows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it fails in spring.（分数
15、：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Winter is the toughest season for grasses and flowers to survive in desert.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the suns ray.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not men
16、tioned(6).The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees lose theirs in wetter climates before winter arrives, but the r
17、easons for this feature are different.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Local Newspapers in Britain1. Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the nati
18、onal newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays.2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circ
19、ulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits.3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births, weddin
20、gs, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it i
21、n this weeks edition, a news item can be held over until the following week.4. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully ch
22、osen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eyes.5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often pro
23、vide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.A. Keeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenB. S
24、ervice Provided by Local NewspapersC. Large Circulation of the National NewspapersD. Special Features of Local NewspapersE. Power of Local NewspapersF. Popularity of Local Newspapers（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Par
25、agraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. a lot of moneyB. national peopleC. morningD. local peopleE. national issuesF. local issues（分数：4.00）(1).British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many local newspapers in Britain are making_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Local newspapers are w
26、ell received because they carry articles that please_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Local newspapers rarely give opinions on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BAmerican ImmigrantsThe percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present ) i
27、n the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have to
28、o many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians-and members of other so-called inferior races became exem
29、plary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, th
30、an their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans
31、 may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired(陷入) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated substandard schools, and their dro
32、pout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requir
33、ing people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marg
34、inalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide t
35、o set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.（分数：15.00）(1).How were immigrants viewed by U.S. congress in early days?（分数：3.00）A.They were of inferior races.B.They were a source of political corruption.C.They were a threat
36、 to the nations security.D.They were part of the nations bloodstream.(2).What does the author think of the new immigrants?（分数：3.00）A.They will be a dynamic work force in the U. S.B.They can do just as well as their predecessors.C.They will be very disappointed on the new land.D.They may find it hard
37、 to fit into the mainstream.(3).What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?（分数：3.00）A.They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B.They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C.They will melt into the African-American community.D.They may forever remain poor a
38、nd underachieving.(4).What should be done to help the new immigrants?（分数：3.00）A.Rid them of their inferiority complex.B.Urge them to adopt American customs.C.Prevent them from being marginalized.D.Teach them standard American English.(5).According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigrat
39、ion is（分数：3.00）A.How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB.How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC.How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD.How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U. S.B第二篇/BSustainable Development of AgricultureSusta
40、inable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable developmen
41、t is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europ
42、e fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分) captured in the product it was relatively ineff
43、icient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat (栖息地)loss and to diminishing b
44、iodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means
45、 that agriculture in the 21s tcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agri
46、culture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons (正反两方面) of all the various wa
47、y land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of produci
48、ng them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.（分数：15.00）(1).How do people often measure progre
49、ss in agriculture?（分数：3.00）A.By its productivity.B.By its sustainability.C.By its impact on the environment.D.By its contribution to economic growth.(2).Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in_.（分数：3.00）A.localized pollutionB.the shrinking of farmlandC.competition from overseasD.the decrease of biodiversity(3).What does the autho
