1、职称英语理工类 A 级-26 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.（分数：1.00）A.playB.sendC.showD.tell2.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.（分数：1.00）A.hairlessB.bareC.emptyD.bald3.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated
2、him.（分数：1.00）A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.extensive4.We must abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply5.The manager allocate duties to the clerks.（分数：1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order6.Dont irritate her, shes on a short fuse today.（分数：1.00）A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.prote
3、ct7.He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent8.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.（分数：1.00）A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.different9.I notified him that my address had changed.（分数：1.00）A.informedB.observed
4、C.mockedD.misled10.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.interesting11.The book made a great impact on its readers.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power12.She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.e
5、normous13.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.indicates14.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.（分数：1.00）A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.decreed15.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.（分数：1.00）
6、A.positionB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.opinion二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Sonic DeviceThe other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California
7、 at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障碍物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him - “library here, library here“, “bench here, bench here“.Dr. Smith was testing a prototype (样机) navigation system for the blind that anounced the surrounding object
8、s through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack, creating a virtual reality landscape(仿真影像). The information came not from some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the militarys network of gloal positioning satellites(全球定位卫星). One day, its developers hope,
9、miniaturized(小型化的) versions of this navigation devices, which now weighs twenty-eight pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods.“With this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going“, said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie-Mellon Uni
10、versity who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could walk clown the street and know not just he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen(熟食店) was up ahead. This
11、navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically. “ It lets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and learn their way around.The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic display(仿真声音显
12、示). This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that inf
13、ormation for guidance. While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing, those who have tried the system say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sen
14、sory paychophysics (感官心理物理学) - how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate, “ Dr. Oberdor said.（分数：7.00）(1).Thanks to the help of this sonic device, blind people can hear obstacles in the way speaking out their names.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. W
15、rong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Dr. Smith hopes to make this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Although this device will be useful, most of the blind may not afford it.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4)
16、.According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can lead the blind people to the exact place he/she wants to go.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The blind can hear better than ordinary people.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Scientists intend to reduce the weight of th
17、is device to ten pound.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Sensory psychophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 36 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题：(2)第 2730
18、 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Electromagnetic EnergyWhite light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn
19、even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.Many other kinds of energy are al
20、so types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more ene
21、rgy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet r
22、adiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.Usually we
23、use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coa
24、l, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the the
25、ory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear react
26、ions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦).Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being u
27、sed to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyB. The Most Important Source of EnergyC. Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer.E
28、. Seeking New Sources of EnergyF. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with Coal（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. electromagnetic energyB. electromagnetic energy travels through spaceC. ca
29、me from the sunD. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeE. when the sunrays are fierceF. chemical energy is generated（分数：4.00）(1).Visible light that produce warmth is an example of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).We can use energy from the sun because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The energy stored in co
30、al _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4)._ when electron rearrangement takes place.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BPool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the
31、Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of dro
32、wning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. “In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, “ says Alistair MeQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseido
33、n Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories(轨道，轨线). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side
34、 of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around. “ says McQuade.The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing
35、the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to
36、descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pools
37、floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, in
38、ventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools - and he was once an underwater escapologist (表演脱身术的人)with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives, “ he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 230,000 - plus on a Poseidon sys
39、tem ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.（分数：15.00）(1).AI means the same as（分数：3.00）A.an image.B.an idea.C.anyone in the water.D.artificial intelligence.(2).What is required of AI software to save a life?（分数：3.00）A.It must be able to swim.B.It must keep walking round th
40、e pool.C.It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.D.It can save a life within a few months.(3).How does Poseidon save a life?（分数：3.00）A.He plunges into the pool.B.It alerts the lifeguard.C.He cries for help.D.It rushes to the pool.(4).Which of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is
41、 NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.He runs.B.He invented the clockwork radio.C.He was once an entertainer.D.He runs a company.(5).The word “considered“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“thought“.B.“rated“.C.“regarded“.D.“believed“.B第二篇/B“Hidden“ Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic(隐蔽的；隐藏的)
42、species - animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant -may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity(生物多样性)estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolu
43、tion.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA (脱氧核糖核酸) sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species
44、and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical(生物地理学的)regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles(爬行动物), and were more
45、 likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate(温带的)regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered,“ says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one t
46、axon(分类单元)is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, “It could be as high as 30%,“ Pfenninger says.“Im extremely surprised by their results, “ says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. “Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic
47、 studies that we are doing. “Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the
48、 animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding (非杂交繁殖的) species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, re
49、spectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria(疟
