1、职称英语理工类 A级-24 及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.（分数：1.00）A.differentB.proudC.unconsciousD.uncomfortable2.She is very conscientious about her work.（分数：1.00）A.worriedB.carefulC.anxiousD.nervous3.This tape-r
2、ecorder has a tape-slide facility.（分数：1.00）A.toolB.facultyC.buildingD.sign4.Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.（分数：1.00）A.inB.aroundC.fromD.before5.Jack is a diligent student.（分数：1.00）A.hardworkingB.ambitiousC.lazyD.slow6.Unfortunately war started suddenly in the Middle East on
3、 October 6, 1973.（分数：1.00）A.broke outB.broke offC.broke throughD.broke away7.In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school.（分数：1.00）A.stageB.notionC.patternD.alternative8.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston pro
4、voked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied9.My mother has lived separately since my father died 20 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.singleB.aloneC.soleD.lonely10.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.（分数：1.00）A.de
5、spairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger11.Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank.（分数：1.00）A.alteredB.changedC.boughtD.sold12.The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets.（分数：1.00）A.intriguedB.infectedC.inconveniencedD.inclined13.
6、France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.（分数：1.00）A.privateB.friendlyC.strongD.secret14.Customers often defer payment as long as possible.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.demandC.obtainD.postpone15.The Commission has also begun looking into the role of climate.（分数：1.00）A.rollB.roadC.partD.
7、character二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Kitchen DesignOver the years economic, social and technological factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family membe
8、rs as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one. Also, the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family.Environmental concerns have had an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of household material, as well as energy
9、efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also often dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why its important to consider a
10、dding a water filter system.The character of todays kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. Theres more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological help with cooking and clean-up.When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of y
11、our house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, don
12、t be afraid to mix and match styles.Because many of todays kitchens consist of two or more cooks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cook tops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing, the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remai
13、ned unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an important decorative statement.Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and t
14、he size of your kitchen.Dont limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cook tops, one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget requir
15、e and permitthink of it as saving time in the long run.（分数：7.00）(1).A well-designed kitchen should be modern, beautiful and practical at the same time.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Being harmless to the environment is the top priority in kitchen design.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B.
16、 Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Quality matters the most when you are choosing kitchen cabinets.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).More counter space, cook tops and sink are needed in todays kitchens because food preparation is more complicated than it used to be.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B
17、.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The design of the sink is indicative of a kitchen designers intelligence.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Means of saving labor, appliances should be replaced whenever new models come out.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).It is t
18、he amount of time you can spend in the kitchen that decides how many appliances of the same kind you should buy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。Screen Test
19、1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer, ff this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey pub- lished last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the
20、US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the
21、Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britains N
22、ational Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the l
23、evel of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and .treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women
24、contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique“ for breast cancer screening.7 “There is a trade-off b
25、etween the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in lif
26、e. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme. “ A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB. Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC. Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE. Treatment of CancersF. Factors That Trig
27、ger Cancers（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. be costlyB. harmfulC. save a lifeD. still open to debateE. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum（分数：4.00）
28、(1).Early discovery of breast cancer may_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Advantages of screening women under 50 are_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Delaying the age at which screening starts may_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Radiation exposure should be_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：105.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，
29、为每题定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BDoubts and Debates over the Worth of MBABill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title: the MBA ( Master of Business Administration).The MB
30、A, a 20th-century product always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected
31、to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,
32、“ said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends. “The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. has he
33、lped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hi
34、res “extremely disappointing“ and said “MBAs wants to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs. “ The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is t
35、hat the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power for beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do with out one. The growth was fueled by a backl
36、ash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the womens movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the
37、business,“ said James Shaffer, vice president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.（分数：15.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?（分数：3.00）A.Envious.B.Scornful.C.Realistic.D.Appreciative.(2).It
38、 seems that the controversy over the values of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by_.（分数：3.00）A.the success of many non MBAsB.the complaints from various employersC.the performance of MBAs at workD.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines(3).What is the major weakness of MBA holders a
39、ccording to The Harvard Business Review?（分数：3.00）A.They are not good at dealing with people.B.They keep complaining about their jobs.C.They are usually self centered.D.They are aggressive and greedy.(4).From the passage we know that most MBAs_.（分数：3.00）A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly
40、B.cherish unrealistic expectations about their futureC.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesD.receive salaries that do not match their professional training(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：3.00）A.A debate held recently on university campuses.B.Doubts about the worth of
41、holding an MBA degree.C.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programmes.D.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.B第二篇/BBenefit Payments to American WorkersGerman Chancellor (首相)Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产
42、) includes many of todays social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯)for the
43、helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement. Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance.
44、Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace.
45、 The first state workers compensation law in the country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War , benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s,
46、 and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasi
47、ng compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benef
48、its results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers compensation system, its not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.（分数：15.00）(1).The worlds first workers co
49、mpensation law was introduced by Bismarck_.（分数：3.00）A.for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movementB.out of religious and political considerationsC.to speed up the pace of industrializationD.to make industrial production safer(2).We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe_
