1、职称英语理工类 A 级-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved2.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect3.The
2、food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate4.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling5.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans6.John is collabora
3、ting with mary in writing an article.（分数：1.00）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous8.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.prod
4、uctionD.publicity9.Thousands of people perished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered10.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretc
5、hesC.broadensD.bends12.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily13.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny14.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB
6、.controlC.abandonD.exercise15.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly cleve
7、r invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us
8、 use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and
9、 touch screen, but the mouse is still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion throug
10、h the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside
11、down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called l
12、ight emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detect
13、s a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cu
14、rsor on the computer screen.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optic
15、al mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.（分数：7.00）(1).Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).According to the author, general computer users need not know how the computer mouse was invented.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B
16、.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mention
17、ed(5).When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in t
18、hat the former has no moving parts.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Transport and Trade1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from p
19、laces where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade
20、 was on a, small scale.2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and
21、big business, “drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs a
22、nd goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods
23、and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, thro
24、ugh electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The c
25、heaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communicatio
26、n, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.A. Higher living standardB. Importance of transport in tradeC. Various means of transportD. B
27、irth of transport-related industries and tradeE. Role of information in tradeF. Public transportation（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. to send goods to various parts of the worldB. at an
28、y time during the yearC. has greatly promoted tradeD. is it possible to produce on a large scaleE. the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scale（分数：4.00）(1).The development of modem means of transport _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the worl
29、d quickly _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).In the trade of modem society the transmission of information plays as important a role as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每
30、题定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BHow to Start a Small Business in the USPeople from other countries often take America as the “land of opportunity“. Americans, too, believe that the country gives no end of chances to those who want to open their own businesses. Today, many Americans are still trying hard to become
31、small business people, although only one out of two remains in operation after the first two years.Many people start their small businesses for the wrong reasons. They want to get away from the paper work of their present jobs, or to exchange the responsibility of their present jobs for free life st
32、yles. But more, not less, paper work and responsibility come with ownership of a small business.Thomas is the owner of the news magazine Mother Earth, which is now quite successful. He says that he had to work sixty hours without stopping when he was trying to bring out the first issue.Thomas had wa
33、ited for years after he came up with the idea for Mother Earth. During that time, he collected as much information as he could about his business. He borrowed books from the library, talked to successful people in the field, and began planning carefully the amount of money and the kinds and numbers
34、of supplies he would need. When he finally opened with a capital of $ 1,500 ,he set up his office in the kitchen and his printing press in the garage. Owing to his devotion(投入)to business, his talent, and his skill in management, Mother Earth now has a circulation(发行量) of 300,000.Not all small busin
35、esses are doing as fine as Mother Earth as 50% of the 450,000 that start in America every year fail. Still, 95% of businesses in the US can be called “small“. Altogether these businesses amount to 40% of Americas gross national product(国民生产总值).（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the fol
36、lowing is true of the small businesses in the U.S.?（分数：3.00）A.All of them close down in the first two years.B.Most of them fail within the first two years.C.They all make big profits.D.Only half of them continue to operate after the first two years.(2).According to paragraph 2, many people start sma
37、ll businesses in order to _.（分数：3.00）A.do heavy work or earn more moneyB.do less paper work or take less responsibilityC.do more paper work or take less responsibilityD.do light work or live quiet lives(3).What preparations did Thomas make before he started his business?（分数：3.00）A.He stayed at home.
38、B.He borrowed money from a bank.C.He made investigations and drew up a plan.D.He wrote a book.(4).Thomas success can be attributed to _.（分数：3.00）A.his talent, his skill in management, and his devotion to his workB.his good luckC.his good relations with a business managerD.his good treatment of his w
39、orkers(5).How many businesses in the U. S. can be called “small“?（分数：3.00）A.5%B.40%C.50%D.95%B第二篇/BU.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.Laborat
40、ory tests aboard NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The landers robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.“We have water,“ said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for
41、the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. “This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. “The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze wh
42、at Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on
43、 days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesdays sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.“Mars is giving us some sur
44、prises,“ said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. “Were excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expec
45、ted, from all the Mars simulation testing weve done so far. “Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with. a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biolog
46、y and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.“Its a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars,“ said Victoria Hipkin of t
47、he Canadian Space Agency.A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenixs surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft.“The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see,“ said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M University, lead scientist for Phoenixs S
48、urface Stereo Imager camera. “They help us plan measurements were making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale. “（分数：15.00）(1).What was discovered by NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?（分数：3.00）A.Vast lakes.B.Flowing rivers.C.Water in a soil sample.D.Living
49、 things.(2).Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?（分数：3.00）A.The sample vaporized away.B.Fresh material was exposed to the air.C.The samples got stuck inside the scoop.D.The robotic arm hit a hard rock.(3).Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?（分数：3.00）A.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layer
