1、职称英语理工类 A级-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint2.The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.（分数：1.00）A.placedB.showedC.pointedD.decided3.He is
2、certain that the dictionary is just what I want.（分数：1.00）A.sureB.angryC.doubtfulD.worried4.What were the consequences of the decision she had made?（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.resultsC.causesD.bases5.About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories.（分数：1.00）A.thirdB.fourthC.tenthD.fi
3、fteenth6.The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city.（分数：1.00）A.attackedB.surprisedC.attractedD.interested7.They didnt realize how serious the problem was.（分数：1.00）A.knowB.forgetC.doubtD.remember8.People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.（分数：1.00）
4、A.fetchedB.carriedC.attractedD.pushed9.The nursery is bright and cheerful.（分数：1.00）A.pleasantB.cleanC.peacefulD.large10.There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt.（分数：1.00）A.resultB.judgementC.estimationD.event11.She was grateful to him for being so good to her.
5、（分数：1.00）A.carefulB.hatefulC.beautifulD.thankful12.This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the middle ages.（分数：1.00）A.neverB.rarelyC.oftenD.only13.How do you account for your absence from the class last thursday?（分数：1.00）A.explainB.examineC.chooseD.expand14.The last few weeks
6、 have been enjoyable.（分数：1.00）A.closeB.nearC.pastD.several15.We shall keep the money in a secure place.（分数：1.00）A.cleanB.secretC.distantD.safe二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dial
7、ectIrish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.The Channel Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the Rive
8、r Shannon using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon.As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamen
9、tal whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphinsbut eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resti
10、ng, socialising and the communications of groups with calves,“ project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make. “Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. T
11、he whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot. “ He said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey. “When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who us
12、ed it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales. “ Berrow said.References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century.They are regularly se
13、en by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.（分数：7.00）(1).The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wro
14、ng C.C. Not mentioned(2).Ronan Hickey analyzed almost 2000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Whistles could also
15、 be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen
16、started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6
17、个选项中为第 2、4、5、6 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。The Fridge1 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator. “2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The mi
18、lkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food delive
19、ries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.3 The invention of the fridge Contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling.4 What refrig
20、eration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.5 Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy cou
21、ntries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expanse, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housewhile outside, nature provides the desired temperature free o
22、f charge.6 The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least youll get ride of th
23、at terrible hum.A. The invention of the fridgeB. The pollution caused by fridgesC. The widespread need for fridgeD. The days without the fridgeE. The waste of energy caused by fridgesF. The fridges contribution to commerce（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
24、3).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were deliveredB. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commoditiesC. foods can be preservedD. most kids like iced soft drinksE. every housewife needs foodF. the fridge produced when it is working（
25、分数：4.00）(1).Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that _.（分数：1
26、.00）填空项 1:_(4).If you stop using the fridge, at least you wont be troubled by the noise _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BThe News Industry in USWhy do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of
27、Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long serf-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lo
28、ts of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story li
29、ne in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a
30、 recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely t
31、o live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values
32、of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that kee
33、ps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former
34、buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：3.00）A.Needs of the readers all over the wor
35、ld.B.Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.C.Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D.Aims of a journalism credibility project.(2).The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be _.（分数：3.00）A.quite trustworthyB.somewhat contradictoryC.very illuminatingD.rather
36、superficial(3).The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _.（分数：3.00）A.working attitudeB.conventional lifestyleC.world outlookD.educational background(4).Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its _.（分数：3.00）A.failure to
37、 realize its real problemB.tendency to hire annoying reportersC.likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD.prejudice in matters of race and gender(5).How does the author probably feel about the present newspaper industry?（分数：3.00）A.It is a promising industry.B.It is a prosperous industry.C.It is an out-
38、of-date industry.D.It is a troubled industry.B第二篇/BExplorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an un
39、derwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea
40、expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about time for an upgrade ,WHOI researchers say.Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director Of th
41、e Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job
42、of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land. “ Fomari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements. “Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a
43、small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin. Itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so tha
44、t the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. Itll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 mile
45、s per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What is Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.A research institute.B.A transporting vehicle.C.A submersible.D.A scientist.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.B.It has played a key role in various important unde
46、rsea expeditionsC.It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 years.(3).“a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the earthB.out spaceC.the oceanD.Mars(4).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（分数：3.00）A.Size.B.Speed.
47、C.Shape.D.Both and .(5).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?（分数：3.00）A.Offering better views.B.Speed.C.Size.D.Both and .B第三篇/BOil and EconomyCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to
48、almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $ 10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 19791980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So whe
49、re are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the
