1、职称英语理工类 A级-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A spokeswoman for the company promised that they would investigate our complaint.（分数：1.00）A.speakerB.lecturerC.actressD.representative2.It could easily take a year for travelers to reach St. Petersburg from the Pacific shores
2、 of the kingdom.（分数：1.00）A.areaB.regionC.realmD.arena3.While he was in prison, his guards deprived him of all luxuries.（分数：1.00）A.gave himB.took awayC.carried him awayD.took out4.I was going to speak to an old friend across the room, but she ignored me.（分数：1.00）A.regrettedB.without regard toC.took n
3、o notice ofD.neglected5.On this trip, Frank made a coordinated effort to get along with the press.（分数：1.00）A.sedateB.concertedC.concreteD.seclusive6.Id like to report a theft: someone has stolen my bicycle.（分数：1.00）A.criminalB.robberyC.protectionD.stealing7.The dentist had to remove two teeth becaus
4、e they were decaying.（分数：1.00）A.going badB.destroyingC.going to piecesD.rotten8.We in Japan keep an eye out for our self-interest.（分数：1.00）A.look atB.look upC.look backD.look out9.An old man stood outside the cinema rattling a tin and asking for money.（分数：1.00）A.hiringB.shakingC.slammingD.bouncing10
5、.The professors suggest that the essence of principled negotiation is to separate the person from the problem and on focus on interests, and not to position.（分数：1.00）A.abstractB.coreC.subtractD.idea11.We do not recognize the all-comprehensive effects of a center on every aspect of our life.（分数：1.00）
6、A.extensiveB.encompassingC.spreadingD.encountering12.Imagine my dismay when I got home to find that my apartment had been broken into.（分数：1.00）A.sadnessB.angerC.pleasureD.impatience13.Designers generally have the area constructed so that the waste goes out in stages.（分数：1.00）A.set outB.set upC.set b
7、ackD.set on14.The FBI selected out possible traitors out of the organization.（分数：1.00）A.screenedB.screamedC.separatedD.sheltered15.In Russia today, the younger people are adapting far more readily to the turmoil of the emerging market system.（分数：1.00）A.changeB.chorusC.chaosD.chores二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题
8、数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The ac
9、t, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge w
10、as mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. Aft
11、er months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcuttersand the owlswas still undecided in mid-1992.Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do mor
12、e to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may beimpoverished(使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potent
13、ial to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth s ozone layer(臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changin
14、g climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth s complex web of life.（分数：7.00）(1).The protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue because
15、 it affects the interests of certain groups of people.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests should take priority over the control of human population.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Cutting trees to grow m
16、ore food may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Among humanitys current problems, the chief concern of the scientists is the reduction of biological diversity.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The explosion
17、 of the human population will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Cutting trees to grow more food is a long-term relief to the food problem.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The authors purpose in wr
18、iting this passage is to point out that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完
19、成每个句子。 The first anybody knew about Dutchman Frank Siegmund and his family was when workmen tramping through a field found a narrow steel chimney protruding through the grass. Closer inspection revealed a chink of sky-light window among the thistles, and when amazed investigators moved down the side
20、 of the hill they came across a pine door complete with leaded diamond glass and a brass knocker set into an underground building. The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town of Breda, in Holland. They are the latest in a clutch of individualistic homemakers wh
21、o have burrowed underground in search of tranquility.2. Most, failing foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes and return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterranean suburbia, Dutchstyle, is about to become respectable and chic. Seven luxur
22、y homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noise embankment next to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the market for $ 296,500 each. The foundations had yet to be dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged houses, whose back wall consists of a grassy mound and wh
23、ose front is a long glass gallery.3. The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls. It is already proving a way of life in extreme climates; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, c
24、itizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan, where 90 percent of the population is squeezed into
25、 20 percent of the landspace.4. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avid disfiguring r threatening a beautiful or environ-mentally sensitive landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land-such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries have
26、 no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.5. There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A developrrient of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved. Under sever
27、al metres of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. We get 40 to 50 enquiries a week, says Peter Carpenter, secretary of the British Earth Sheltering Association, which builds similar homes in Britain. people see this as a way of building for the future. An underground dweller himself,
28、 Carpenter has never paid a heating bill, thanks to solar panels and natural insulation.6. In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised r
29、elief by South Limburg planners because of Hollands chronic shortage of land. It was the Tilburg architect Jo Hurkmans who hit on the idea of making use of noise embankments on main roads. His two-floored, four-bedroomed, two-bathroomed detached homes are now taking shape. They are not so much below
30、 the earth as in it, he says. All the light will come through the glass front, which runs from the second floor ceiling to the ground. Areas which do not need much natural lighting are at the back. The living accommodation is to the front so nobody notices that the back is dark.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragrap
31、h 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Dutch man Frank Siegmund and his family _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The Dutch development was welcomed by _（分数
32、：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Hurkmans houses are built into_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BAs Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing abut computers is not that they think
33、less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But. today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music.
34、They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.The opinion seems ri
35、diculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decision
36、s are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it f
37、reezes up.We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning pow
38、er of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his pr
39、edecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man s flesh-anti-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.（分数：15.00）(1).What do you suppose was the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson towards ladies preaching?（分数：3.00
40、）A.He believed that ladies were born worse preachers than man.B.He was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men.C.He disapproved of ladies preaching.D.He encouraged ladies to preach.(2).Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of_.（分数：3.00）A.decision makingB.drives and
41、feelingsC.growth of reasoning powerD.information absorption(3).In terms of making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because_.（分数：3.00）A.in the long process of evolution, the slow pace of life didnt require such an ability of the human brainB.the human brain is influence
42、d by other factors such as motivation and emotionC.the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situationD.computers imitate life while the human brain does not imitate computers(4).Though he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesnt mean that_.（分数：3.00）A.comp
43、uters are likely to become a new form of intelligent lifeB.human beings have lost control of computersC.the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass that of human beingsD.the evolution of intelligence will probably depend on that of electronic brains(5).According to the passage, which of th
44、e following statements is TRUE?（分数：3.00）A.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.B.Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.C.The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man.D.Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic
45、matter.B第二篇/BAs in the field of space travel, so in undersea exploration new technologies continue to appear. They share a number of similarities with each other as well as some important differences.Manned submersibles (潜水器), like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environm
46、ent. But while a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum of space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water.In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts. In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the wa
47、y, only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) been put to use.One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to these underwater. A vacuum am ideal medium for radio communications, but underwater communications are limited to much slower
48、 sound waves. Thus, most undersea vehiclesparticularly ROVs operate at the end of long ropes.For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space. A spaceships position can be located by following its radio signal, or by using telescopes and radar. For an underse
49、a vehicle, however, a special network of sonar (声纳) must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicles position.Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, it has a distinct advantage: Going to the ocean depths doesnt require the power
