1、职称英语理工类 A级-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Fortunately, when my car broke down in the country, I had my mobile with me.（分数：1.00）A.AccidentallyB.FatallyC.LuckilyD.By chance2.Her peers were her worst critics.（分数：1.00）A.studentsB.equalsC.teachersD.subordinates3.John s pa
2、rents brought him up to be very thrifty.（分数：1.00）A.miserlyB.careful with moneyC.mean to peopleD.profitable4.I thought the rule not allowing women to compete was completely absurd.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.annoyingC.meanD.splendid5.One of the Nobel Economics Prize winner once said: “Every leisure act ha
3、s an economic payoff for someone.“（分数：1.00）A.rewardB.lossC.claimD.disadvantage6.I m speaking on behalf of my friend John.（分数：1.00）A.in place ofB.in front ofC.directly aboutD.with regard to7.The thief ran away with two overcoats and a jacket.（分数：1.00）A.broke awayB.broke outC.made offD.made out8.“Its
4、been a privilege to meet you, sir,“ the young man said to the artist as he was leaving.（分数：1.00）A.a pleasureB.an ambitionC.an honourD.a sad occasion9.The young man is too bashful to speak to strangers.（分数：1.00）A.shyB.haughtyC.indifferentD.upset10.After what I have heard, I have no inclination to go
5、to her home.（分数：1.00）A.influenceB.wishC.tendencyD.need11.There is certainly some truth to that charge, and our recent financial policies haven t helped.（分数：1.00）A.physicalB.fiscalC.economicalD.capital12.Although the men s movement and the anxiety it expresses are city-based, the dispute is widesprea
6、d.（分数：1.00）A.contestB.deliberationC.disturbanceD.debate13.Hersheypark began integrating recycling into its public information programs more than five years ago.（分数：1.00）A.includingB.incorporatingC.indicatingD.indulging14.My best friend disgraced his athletics team by cheating.（分数：1.00）A.didnt respec
7、tB.lost the honourC.brought shame onD.didnt praise15.To my mind his integrity is above suspicion.（分数：1.00）A.modestyB.intelligenceC.uprightnessD.capability二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。Pubic response to te
8、chnology often varies in peculiar ways. While biotechnology, for example, gives rise to organized opposition, information technology, which is actually no less invasive(侵害者), no more harmless, is welcomed or, at the least, accepted with comparatively little debate.Information technologiesfrom comput
9、ers to communicationshave obviously had an overwhelming social impact and their benefits hardly need explanations. But they have also disturbed privacy and threatened civil liberties. Computerized data banks empower bureaucratic authorities by providing easy access to personal informationabout credi
10、t ratings, social performance, housing and medical histories. They will allow access to genetic figures, providing information about our tendencies to employers, insurers, product advertisers, banks and other institutions that exercise control over our lives. Computerization allows the severe extens
11、ion of advertising through telemarketing requests that shamelessly intrude our home life. Information technologies have displaced people from jobs and turned potentially skilled workers into low-level computer technicians, computers have facilitated the work of scholars, but also turned them into ty
12、pists; yet one hears hardly a complaint. They have turned the simple act of buying a plane ticket into an endless manipulation(控制), but we welcome the so-called convenience. They have encouraged new forms of crime and fraud(欺诈), but we describe them with grudging admiration. They have allowed new ty
13、pes of evil weaponry, but we call them “smart bombs“. Perhaps the most important, information technologies have extended the power of the mass media, creating unusual possibilities for political manipulation, reducing accountability(有责任，有义务), and changing the nature of political life. It is true tha
14、t there are critiques(批评) of information technologies from those professionally concerned about their problematic legal, social and political implications. There is a near total absence, however, of organized public concern about technologies with profound and problematic implications.（分数：7.00）(1).A
15、ccording to the author, information technology has nothing positive to say.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Information technology has not given rise to organized opposition.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The benefits brought by information technology is qui
16、te evident.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).By the term “computerization“ the author means that computer plays an important role in our economic life.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).What worries the author most is that our privacy will be threatened by busine
17、ssman.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Those who criticized information technologies are those who benefit least from information technologies.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The author argues that biotechnology plays an important role in our everyday life.（分
18、数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Before you can use a fax modem, you must specify it as active. Also, only one fax modem can be used at a time. If yo
19、u have more than one available, you need to specify which one you want to be active. Make sure that Mail is closed and the Outbox is empty before you specify the active modem.2. If you plan to use a fax modem located on another computer on your network, you need to specify the name of the computer a
20、nd the name of the shared directory. You may also need to supply a password for the shared directory. Your workgroup administrator or the person whose fax .modem it is can give you this information.3. When you share a fax modem, anyone using the network can connect to it to send faxes. Because of th
21、is, you might receive faxes for Other people in addition to faxes intended for you. You need to forward faxes intended for others.4. You can send a fax from Mail or from an application. When you send a fax from Mail, your fax can include other documents that you attach. When you send a fax from an a
22、pplication, the current document becomes the fax message. You can send the same message to both Mail and PC Fax recipients at the same time by using a combination of mail and fax addresses. If you send many faxes to the same recipients, you can avoid having to type the fax number each time by adding
23、 fax numbers to your Personal Address Book in Mail.5. You can use the Personal Address Book in Mail to store commonly used fax numbers in addition to commonly used mail addresses. You do not need to include the recipients name when you type a fax address. However, if you have selected the option in
24、Mail to add recipients automatically to the Personal Address Book, and you use a name in the fax address, the address is added by name rather than by fax number.6. You can receive a fax directly via a fax modem on your computer, or another person who has a fax modem on their computer can use Mail to
25、 forward a fax to you. In either case, incoming faxes appear exactly like incoming mail messages in your Mail Inbox. You can view a fax on your screen, print it, save it on your hard disk, reply to it, or forward it.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Parag
26、raph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).You can use your computer equipped with a fax modem to _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).You can not use more than one fax modem _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).When you share a fax modem, you might receive faxes for other people _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).When you rec
27、eive a fax, you can _A. save it on your hard disk（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BMany features similar to those aeronautical innovations developed by man can be observed amongst birds, insects and plants. At t
28、imes, observations of these natural phenomena have inspired man to imitate nature and modify existing designs. At other times, the natural example has only been recognized well after great amounts of time and valuable materials have been devoted to refining a similar human invention.Birds deserve cr
29、edit not merely for demonstrating flight was possible, but for providing templates for the shape of aircraft wings. The wings of birds suggested the pattern for leadingedge wing slots that improve ascent at slow speeds and for conical cambered wingtips that increase lift and stability. Other charact
30、eristics of bird wings, such as a trailing edge flap to aid in smooth landings, were not recognized as important until they had been designed independently by aeronautical engineers. Considerable research effort in aeronautics could probably have been saved by more thorough analysis of bird flight.T
31、he insect world has also contributed significant ideas in the realms of navigation and guidance. In order to aid airline navigation during take-offs and landings under adverse weather conditions, engineers developed a system for locating the sun when it was hidden by clouds through observing polariz
32、ed lightlight which travels in a single direction. The research was instigated(鼓励,激发)after studies of honey bees demonstrated that they used this mechanism to determine their location when the sky was darkened. In another credit to the insect world, the evasive guidance systems of certain missiles u
33、se angular acceleration detectors modeled after the multi-lensed eyes of houseflies which amplify subtle movements by splitting images into a mosaic(马赛克)resembling a large display of televisions tuned to the same channel.Even entities which never take flight themselves are responsible for guiding th
34、e hand of aeronautical engineers. The winged seed of a palm tree was the model for an early glider, and the single-winged, autorotating maple seed was the prototype for a means of air-dropping cargo by parachute.（分数：15.00）(1).The author argues that money for aeronautical research money could be inve
35、sted more efficiently if_.（分数：3.00）A.more advanced products were used in airplanesB.more research was devoted to studying bird flightC.greater efforts were directed towards shape designs of aircraft wingsD.greater emphasis was put on guidance systems(2).The word “templates“ (Para 2) is closest in me
36、aning to _.（分数：3.00）A.patternsB.outlooksC.fakesD.imitations(3).What aspect of airplane flight was inspired by bee observations?（分数：3.00）A.Landing manner.B.Low speed take-offC.Poor-weather guidance system.D.Evasive guidance systems.(4).Research related to missile guidance systems implies that _.（分数：3
37、.00）A.houseflies are multi-eyedB.houseflies are more intelligent than is generally realizedC.houseflies have sophisticated movement detectorsD.houseflies can locate the sun whether in the day or at night(5).What does the word “prototype“ (Para 4) mean?（分数：3.00）A.modelB.stereotypeC.exampleD.figureB第二
38、篇/BMost of the pioneers of low-temperature physics expected gases to liquefy, but none of them predicted superconductivity. This phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Onnes while he was studying frozen mercury.More than 40 years passed before physicists were able to offer an explanation for supercond
39、uctivity. The accepted theory, developed in the 1950s, holds that the fundamental behavior of electrons changes at very low temperatures because of the effects of quantum mechanics. Electrons are tiny particles that make up the outer part of an atom, circling rapidly around the nucleus of the atom.
40、In a regular conductora metal that conducts an electric currentthe outermost electrons are not bound tightly to the atoms, and so they move around relatively freely. The flow of these electrons is an electric current.At normal temperatures, a conductors electrons cannot move completely freely throug
41、h the metal because they are “bumped around“ by the metals atoms. But according to the leading theory of superconductivity, when a metal is very cold, electrons form pairs. Then, like couples maneuvering on a crowded dance floor but never colliding, the paired electrons are able to move unimpeded th
42、rough the metal. In pairing up, it seems, the electrons are able to “blend together“ and move in unison without resistance.This explanation seems to account for superconductivity at extremely low temperatures, but in 1986 scientists in Switzerland found that some metal-containing ceramics are superc
43、onductors at much higher temperatures. By 1992, scientists had developed ceramics that become superconducting at - 297F, and some researchers speculated that room-temperature superconductors may be possible. Scientists are still trying to formulate a theory for high-temperature superconductivity.The
44、 new ceramic materials can be maintained at their superconducting temperatures, with relatively inexpensive liquid nitrogen rather than the much colder and much more costly liquid helium required by metal superconductors. The cost difference could make superconductivity practical for many new techno
45、logies. For example, magnetically levitated trains, which require superconducting electromagnets, would be much cheaper to build than they are now. Superconducting devices might also be used for advanced power transmission lines and in new types of compact, ultrafast computers. But for the time bein
46、g, superconductivity is finding application mostly in scientific research and in some kinds of medical imaging devices.（分数：15.00）(1).The flow of an electric current in a regular conductor is made possible by the fact that_.（分数：3.00）A.electrons circle rapidly around the atomB.the outermost electron m
47、ove relatively freely around the atomC.the innermost electrons stick to the atomD.the outermost electrons are bound tightly to the inner ones(2).At very low temperatures, superconductivity in a metal occurs where_.（分数：3.00）A.electrons do not move freely through the metalB.electrons are crowded toget
48、herC.paired electrons move uninterruptedlyD.paired electron dance together to and fro(3).The word “bump“ in Paragraph 3 may mean _.（分数：3.00）A.to make something run fastB.to cause to revolveC.to move smoothlyD.to collide(4).The breakthrough made in superconductivity in 1992 is remarkable because _.（分
49、数：3.00）A.metal-containing ceramics turned out to be superconductorsB.higher-temperature superconductivity was made possibleC.ceramics were found to be superconductorsD.room-temperature superconductors were developed(5).The best advantage of new ceramic materials over metal superconductors is _.（分数：3.00）A.their inexpe
