1、职称英语理工类 A 级-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily2.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption3.Hearing problems may be allevia
2、ted by changes in diet and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved4.All the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts5.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.（分数：1.00）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.a
3、rguing6.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny7.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous8.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.bro
4、adensD.bends9.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise10.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling11.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensive
5、D.inadequate12.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans13.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.productionC.efficiencyD.publicity14.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintai
6、nB.improveC.assessD.protect15.Thousands of people perished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated/BDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the
7、image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“ (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 perce
8、nt of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering phys
9、ics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响)
10、test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer
11、 young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop childrens interest in science.In an attempt to change this neg
12、ative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to
13、take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go b
14、efore science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.（分数：7.00）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.B
15、Wrong C.CNot mentioned(3).The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).More children will stu
16、dy science if it becomes more attractive.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot m
17、entioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect ?/B1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported t
18、hat they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really star
19、ted when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world.2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement
20、 banning human cloning and in the US the President announced: “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year.“3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human clo
21、ning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to sto
22、p the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists wil
23、l be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty coo
24、l, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _ A Strong reactions B Anxiety about the future of cloning C The right to choose D What is cloning? E Arguments in favor of cloning F A common sight（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragr
25、aph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone _. A the nucleus of a cell B cloned human beings C a human being in two years D a law to ban human cloning E a report on human cloning F heavy media coverage（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Richard Seeds announcement received _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
26、7).The United States will introduce _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Within ten years scientists will probably have _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB More Than a Ride to School/BThe National Education Association claims
27、, “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right - sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school
28、 for Liesl.Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus.This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year r
29、iding the bus. She says, “Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel importa
30、nt.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree.Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record: “You do not com
31、e by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with
32、 the students that ride his bus.“Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and sa
33、fe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations. Liesls
34、 mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“.B.“device“.C.“need“.D.“reflection“.(2).Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company（分数：3.00）A.f
35、or 30 years.B.for 70 years.C.since last year.D.since 2000.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an impatient person.D.He has driven 350,000 accident free miles.(4).Althouse Bus Company
36、 was founded by（分数：3.00）A.Larry Althouse.B.Althouses grandfather.C.Liesls mother.D.Ashley Batista.(5).Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to（分数：3.00）A.employing young drivers.B.running quality schools.C.providing free driving lessons.D.building sound relationships.B第二篇/BB A Phone That Knows You
37、re Busy/BIts a modern problem: Youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cellphone off. But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youre less busy, you could miss some important calls. If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldnt
38、have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy.A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide you
39、re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system on tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to fi
40、nd out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted.The potential “busyness“ signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not th
41、e computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from “highly interruptible“ to “highly not-interruptible“. Their ratings were then correlated with the var
42、ious behaviors. “It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important,“ says Hudson.The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how int
43、erruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the
44、 interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers dont care.The first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. “There is no technological roadblock (障碍) to it being deplo
45、yed in a couple of years,“ says Hudson.（分数：15.00）(1).A big problem facing people today is that（分数：3.00）A.they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B.they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C.they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.D.they are too
46、busy to make phone calls.(2).The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone（分数：3.00）A.could help store messages.B.could send messages instantly.C.could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D.could identify important phone calls.(3).Scientists at Camegie Mellon University tried to find out
47、（分数：3.00）A.why office doors were often left open.B.when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C.what questions office workers were bothered with.D.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy.(4).During the experiment, the subjects were asked（分数：3.00）A.to control the sensors and the ca
48、mera.B.to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C.to compare their behaviors with others.D.to analyze all the indicators of interruption.(5).The computer performed better than people in the study because（分数：3.00）A.the computer worked harder.B.the computer was not busy.C.people tended to be biased.D.people were not good at statistics.B第三篇/BB The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon/BWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very dif
