1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Today in the United States, adult education facilities face rising demand created by expanding leisure time.（分数：1.00）A.relaxingB.structuredC.increasingD.unused2.The North American desert, a vast belt of inhospitable
2、terrain, stretches erratically down the western side of the continent.（分数：1.00）A.endlesslyB.irregularlyC.ominouslyD.longitudinally3.Molly Brown was labeled “unsinkable” after she helped to evacuate passengers from the ill-fated ship the Titanic.（分数：1.00）A.anticipateB.comfortC.removeD.shelter4.The pa
3、inter Les Quinones, whose graffiti art has been exhibited in New York galleries, has also painted outdoor murals in various Manhattan neighborhoods.（分数：1.00）A.soldB.shownC.keptD.praised5.Pendulums are used to regulate motion in some scientific equipments.（分数：1.00）A.laboratoriesB.measurementsC.appara
4、tusesD.experiments6.Manufacturers spend millions of dollars on advertising to entice people to buy their products.（分数：1.00）A.entertainB.encounterC.temptD.force7.George Washington Carver was esteemed for his contributions in the fields of botany and chemistry.（分数：1.00）A.respectedB.compensatedC.critic
5、izedD.overlooked8.Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have been able to dispel erroneous ideas about these creatures.（分数：1.00）A.misconceptionsB.misdemeanorsC.misgivingsD.misdirections9.The five classic foot positions in ballet are the basis for the ethereal grace
6、 of the ballet dancers art.（分数：1.00）A.balancedB.traditionalC.disciplinedD.delicate10.Enamel, the hardest substance in a human beings body, covers the entire crown of the tooth.（分数：1.00）A.wholeB.inseparableC.superficialD.main11.City dwellers are exhilarated by country air.（分数：1.00）A.amazedB.fannedC.h
7、umbledD.stimulated12.The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of an epoch of exodus from rural areas to cities.（分数：1.00）A.episodeB.periodC.migrationD.story13.All gases and most liquids and solids expand when heated, but they do not expand equally.（分数：1.00）A.simultaneouslyB.randomlyC.accurately
8、D.uniformly14.Native American artwork and artifacts have been enthusiastically collected and studied abroad for a number of years.（分数：1.00）A.eagerlyB.periodicallyC.thoroughlyD.systematically15.More than 89 of the buildings in Annapolis, Maryland, were erected before the Revolutionary War.（分数：1.00）A.
9、plannedB.leveledC.enlargedD.constructed二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BFermi Problem/BOn a Monday morning in July, the worlds first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later, the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American
10、physicist Enrico Fermi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bombs energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four yea
11、rs later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermis death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.Like all virtuosos, Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He
12、 was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bitstalent we all can use in our daily lives.To develop this talent in his students. Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you havent the remotest notion of the answer
13、, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of experts or books, you can come close to the exact solution.Suppose you want to determine Earths circumference without looking it up. Ev
14、eryone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3,000 or 24,000 miles. Thi
15、s answer differs from the true value, 24,902.45 miles, by less than four percent.Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions: It doesnt matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the po
16、wer of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it, deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confidence. Thus, approaching persona
17、l dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.（分数：7.00）(1).Fermis team was impressed by Fermis announcement in the base camp because he could even work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Fermi, an experimentalist
18、as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Dividing a big problem into small problems is a talent Fermi had and a talent that has practical value in life.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong
19、C.C. Not mentioned(4).Fermi problem is to develop the talent of breaking a seemingly unanswerable problem into sub-problems and finding the solution to it, which is a typical Fermi problem.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Then the fourth paragraph tells us how Fermi solved the pr
20、oblem of earths circumference without looking up.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).The last paragraph concludes the whole writing by stressing the value of important inventions and small discoveries.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Fermi was famous for inventin
21、g a device to calculate bombs energy accurately.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25段每段选择 1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BAdult Education/B1. Voluntary learning in organized courses by
22、mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something*which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments,
23、 seek better self-understanding ,or develop new talents and skills.2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, worksh
24、ops, clubs, and professional associations.3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities, new types of work wer
25、e being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics insti
26、tute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many cou
27、ntries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4
28、).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Some adults want to learn_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).There are various forms of adult education, including_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Adult education has been made necessary_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The earliest organized adult education_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：4
29、5.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB SQ3R/BA Proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary,
30、 and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I already know about
31、this topic?” and “What do 1 want to know?” In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3Rs) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before
32、 going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3Rs) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed step 2, 3, and 4 for each
33、section. You review (the last of the 3Rs) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking a
34、nd answering the questions formed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.（分数：15.00）(1).The passage implies that the SQ3R method_.（分数：3.00）A.needs to be provenB.leaves much to be desiredC.turns out to b
35、e practicableD.cannot be used by every reader(2).The SQ3R method consists of_steps.（分数：3.00）A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.seven(3).According to the passage, the first step helps the readers_.（分数：3.00）A.read the first several paragraphsB.scan the whole chapterC.study the graphsD.get the theme of the chapter(4
36、).Which of the following is the fourth step?_（分数：3.00）A.To question yourself.B.To read for information.C.To utter your answers.D.To draw a conclusion.(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE?_（分数：3.00）A.In the last step, you should remember all the information.B.When you finish the last step, y
37、ou will get both the main idea and the details.C.The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.D.While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information.B第二篇/BB Lateral Thinking/BLateral thinking (迂回思维), first described by Edward de Bono in 196
38、7, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but de Bono name was so famous, Caspers parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”“We had to b
39、e careful and not overdo it,” Edward admits. Now Casper is at Oxford which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic (通读困难). In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, “usi
40、ng my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.” Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Children How to Think”, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and
41、children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children arent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,” Edward de Bono says, “if you examine peoples thinking, it is quite unusual t
42、o find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.”“Teach Your Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.（
43、分数：15.00）(1).What is TRUE about Casper?_（分数：3.00）A.He is Edwards son.B.He is an adventurous thinker.C.He first described lateral thinking.D.He is often scolded by his teacher.(2).Casper succeeded in applying to Oxford because_.（分数：3.00）A.he was careful and often overworkedB.all of his school teacher
44、s thought he had a chanceC.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherD.he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think” before the exam(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward_.（分数：3.00）A.was likely to improve childrens logic with his bookB.gave a description of lateral thi
45、nking several years after his son was bornC.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicD.once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children(4).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bonos view? _.（分数
46、：3.00）A.Everybody knows that children arent very logical.B.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.C.We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.D.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.(5).Lateral thinking refers to the fo
47、llowing EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.improving ones logic in thinkingB.improving ones perception in thinkingC.seeing the implications of what you are sayingD.exploring the alternatives for what you are sayingB第三篇/BB Global Warming/BAt the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundant
48、ly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer, The
