1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.（分数：1.00）A.areasB.rocksC.mountainsD.seas2.In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles epidermal plates reflect seasonal variations in growth.（分数：1.00）A.
2、indicateB.stimulateC.includeD.prevent3.It is not possible for people to remember everthing that they have thought.（分数：1.00）A.recallB.appreciateC.repeatD.discuss4.A fossil is a remnant of a once-living organism.（分数：1.00）A.boneB.solventC.pictureD.vestige5.Over thirty cities around the world boast more
3、 than five million residents.（分数：1.00）A.jobsB.dwellingsC.blocksD.inhabitants6.Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.（分数：1.00）A.operationB.recoveryC.castingD.relaxation7.By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of autom
4、obiles in order to en- sure pedestrian safety.（分数：1.00）A.testB.limitC.standardizeD.prohibit8.The cylindrical shape of a cactus reduces moisture loss.（分数：1.00）A.lessensB.delaysC.redistributesD.reverses9.The most important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the United States
5、to claim the Oregon region.（分数：1.00）A.regretB.problemC.outcomeD.controversy10.Among the men and women who reshaped the American working class during the early 1900s, there were many who were not members of labor unions.（分数：1.00）A.challenged the rights ofB.criticized the views ofC.interviewed the lea
6、ders ofD.changed the character of11.High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.（分数：1.00）A.inefficientB.recognizedC.limitingD.dangerous12.Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.（分数：1.00）A.livedB.diedC.hu
7、ntedD.fed13.An expert in any field may be defined as a person who possesses specialized skills and is capable of rendering very competent services.（分数：1.00）A.obtainingB.masteringC.providingD.financing14.Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automo
8、biles.（分数：1.00）A.recklesslyB.hesitantlyC.greatlyD.routinely15.During the 1840s, Dorothea Dix was a leader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.（分数：1.00）A.unificationB.creationC.revivalD.betterment二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BSleeping/BPeople w
9、ho sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality (死亡率).Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in (睡懒觉) can extend their liv
10、es by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for health and well-being, the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any lon
11、g-term harm.“Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep. From a health standpoint, there is no reason to sleep longer,” said Daniel Kripke, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said, “W
12、e dont know if long sleep periods lead to death. Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health.”The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept
13、 for seven hours a night. Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept for eight
14、 or more hours. However, an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said, “Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short and long duration (持续时间) sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguis
15、h the difference between seven and eight hours a night, until now.”（分数：7.00）(1).More than 1.1 million Americans participated in the six-year study.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).All the participants were from the state of California.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not menti
16、oned(3).The study shows that the longer you sleep each night, the longer youll live.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Most of the participants slept for 7
17、 hours a night during the study.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a nigh
18、t.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 1、3、4、6段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BGeology and Health/B1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realised wit
19、hin the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some s
20、erious diseases.2. The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements lea
21、ched from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturall
22、y contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich dust topsoil in
23、playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.4. Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metal
24、s are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.5. In contrast naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently p
25、ossess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.6. There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally pollute
26、d soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragra
27、ph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Geolog
28、ists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Industrially contaminated sites usually, require a thorough clean up due to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4
29、个选项中选择 1 个最佳答。B第一篇/BBFood and Health/BThe food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high
30、 in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the bodys best weapon in Uthwarting/U many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward of
31、f cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones.Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be avoided if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional valu
32、e. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more
33、important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,” says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research.The road to s
34、trong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones st
35、rong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body
36、doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than 500 mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women,
37、 in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,” says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D., of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.” Also, low fat dairy products contain phos
38、phorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if
39、 you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays.（分数：15.00）(1).Which kind of food is recommended to prevent hear
40、t disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones?_（分数：3.00）A.Calcium-rich food.B.Plant-based and starchy staples food.C.High-fat, high-calorie food.D.Vitamin D-rich food.(2).The underlined word “thwart” (Para. 1) most probably means“_”.（分数：3.00）A.destroyB.forbidC.cureD.preven
41、t(3)._ percent of all cancers could be avoided if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles.（分数：3.00）A.30-40B.40-50C.50-60D.60-70(4).According to the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than _.（分数：3.00）A.stop smokingB.exerci
42、se regularlyC.take non-fat dietD.control their weight(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?_（分数：3.00）A.Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.B.Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutr
43、ients inside cells.C.You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium.D.If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the suns rays.B第二篇/BBHow to Forgive/BTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be
44、 extremely difficult to let go of your Ugrudge./U But forgiveness is possibleand it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. “People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic Luskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Co
45、llins, 2002). “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a c
46、ouple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Luskin says. Dont wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things th
47、e same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hu
48、rt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Luskin says. Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, feareven love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. Don
