1、职称英语(综合类)8 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.（分数：-1.00）A.triesB.decidesC.promisesD.refuses.2.It is taken for granted that a piano without any (defects) would produce very grand music.（分数：-1.00）A.dislikesB.incidentsC.faultsD.merits3.The economic ref
2、orm in that country has been (accelerated).（分数：-1.00）A.speeded upB.put offC.slowed downD.stopped4.She couldnt (judge) distances.（分数：-1.00）A.arbitrateB.discoverC.findD.determine5.Comets are still regarded with (fright) by some people.（分数：-1.00）A.dreadB.concernC.detachmentD.resentment6.Many economists
3、 have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle7.He is (accustomed) to working hard.（分数：-1.00）A.anxiousB.likelyC.usedD.willing8.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.（分数：-1.00）A.additionalB.effi
4、cientC.excessiveD.adequate9.Mary had sold her bike, taken a driving (test) and bought a car.（分数：-1.00）A.examinationB.quizC.exerciseD.check10.I (reserve) the right to disagree.（分数：-1.00）A.deserveB.keepC.perceiveD.notice11.O. J. Simpson, who ranks as one of the best runners in American football histor
5、y was known for his (speed) and agility.（分数：-1.00）A.swiftnessB.sizeC.stadiumD.strength12.The town is (famous) for its magnificent church towers.（分数：-1.00）A.knownB.contemporaryC.specializedD.specified13.Helen will leave (immediately).（分数：-1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon14.Each leader ha
6、d a (serious) look as he signed the peace treaty.（分数：-1.00）A.sincereB.graveC.honestD.suspicious15.The great castles of the king were without bathing (facilities).（分数：-1.00）A.poolsB.meansC.showersD.towelsInterview The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journa
7、list are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual asp
8、ects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from
9、 which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as n
10、umerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interview
11、ing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar, at least in a posi
12、tive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting informat
13、ion necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic inte
14、rview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interview, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. （分数：-0.98）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that importance shoul
15、d be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Much research has been done on interviews in general, so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Westerners are fa
16、miliar with the journalistic interview, but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The patient is the interviewee in a clinical interview.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is most like a part of a journalistic interview.（分
17、数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).The television interviews doesnt require thoughtful analyses.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the U
18、nited States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The s
19、treets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we
20、have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different co
21、untries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a littl
22、e, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for
23、 a brief moment. A. Population B. Over Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6)
24、.In China a guest leaves a little of his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a hurry, and many visitors_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.How to Be a Nurse The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But t
25、hey could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the view point of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does n
26、ot study for as many years as a doctor. However each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff mus
27、t provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others w
28、ork odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically i
29、ll, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nurs
30、ing as a profession. （分数：-1.00）(1).The nursing staff_.（分数：-0.20）A.are central to the medical staffB.play an important role in caring patientsC.can work effectively without physiciansD.are always in close contact with the patients(2).Why dont nurses study for as many years as doctors?（分数：-0.20）A.Most
31、 nurses work long days.B.They dont treat patients for illness and injury.C.Caring for sick patients requires patience and concern.D.They are not dedicated.(3).Why must nurses work in shifts?（分数：-0.20）A.They are careless.B.Nursing services must be provided continuously.C.They work at night from time
32、to time.D.A shift is usually eight hours long.(4).What kind of person is suited to become a nurse?（分数：-0.20）A.A very careful person.B.An able person.C.A very dedicated person.D.A specially trained person.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author?（分数：-0.20）A.Nurses are specially train
33、ed to offer bedside care to sick person.B.Patients cannot do without nurses.C.Nursing cannot practise medicine.D.Nurses often work during the night.Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their ki
34、nd. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms t
35、hat are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its
36、green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects
37、are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in the
38、ir structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usua
39、lly adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. （分数：-1.00）(1).Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_.（分数：-0
40、.20）A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.B.survive even in extremely severe conditionsC.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.(2).In the first paragraph, the word “en
41、vironments“ could best be replaced by_.（分数：-0.20）A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies(3).It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored_.（分数：-0.20）A.to frightened its enemies.B.to attract its enemiesC.to adjust its body heatD.to match its environment(4).Which o
42、f the following is not directly mentioned?（分数：-0.20）A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.(5).The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in
43、 order to illustrate which of the following?（分数：-0.20）A.A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its ownB.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicalsD.A living c
44、reature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.Natural Health Care Natural health care is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness. It recognizes the unity of all life and holds that physica
45、l, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right livingdeveloping self-esteem and a positive attitude towards life; eating fr
46、esh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plenty of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learning to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normalas simple as livin
47、g in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum (连续统一体)the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness and in health. Healing (康复) is a biological processexcept in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its own behalf. The t
48、radition of natural health care: The traditional principles of natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural Hygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and strength only upon
49、a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of those laws that operate to make human life possible. All laws essential to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution. Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in harmony with his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can have any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welfare. If it is not closely related to mans highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot b
