1、职称英语(综合类)4 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced2.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.（分数：-1.00）A.consultedB.arguedC.examinedD.forgot3.Is the clock in the tower (accurate)?（分数：-1
2、.00）A.correctB.newC.oldD.wrong4.It is easier to adapt to new situations if one has a (flexible) attitude.（分数：-1.00）A.changeableB.fashionableC.moveableD.elastic5.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangeredD.interested6.I have a (perma
3、nent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary7.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all the timeC.at the same timeD.in time8.Einsteins theory of relativity seemed (incredible) w
4、hen it was first introduced.（分数：-1.00）A.brilliantB.complicatedC.unbelievableD.distinguished9.The boy was seriously (wounded) in the accident.（分数：-1.00）A.damagedB.injuredC.destroyedD.devastated10.The United States Congress and the state legislatures (approve) thousands of laws each year.（分数：-1.00）A.a
5、mendB.debateC.passD.draft11.The price is (somewhat) higher than I expected.（分数：-1.00）A.to some degreeB.at some timeC.in some casesD.for some reason12.The train stopped (abruptly), making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.all of a suddenB.fastC.quicklyD.slowly13.Dont (hesitate) to let me know if th
6、ere is anything I can do for you.（分数：-1.00）A.pauseB.refuseC.rejectD.wait14.When he arrived home, he (deposited) his coat on the floor.（分数：-1.00）A.keptB.locatedC.storedD.placed15.The economic reform in that country has been (accelerated).（分数：-1.00）A.speeded upB.put offC.slowed downD.stoppedNurses The
7、 physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers. From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with
8、patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. The
9、 nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurses, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick
10、persons. Under the supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换)
11、 their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations , but it is especially true in the
12、 intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. （分数：-0.98）(1).The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.（分数：-0.14）A
13、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A nurse is not qualified if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Nurses
14、 often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Nursing services in a hospital are generally available around the clock.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The nurses station is the only place where nur
15、ses in a hospital ward can be found.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count,
16、or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People ea
17、ting, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we
18、can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different countries and different races have diff
19、erent manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In
20、 England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. A. Population B. Ove
21、r Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).In China a guest leaves a little of
22、his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a hurry, and many visitors_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixty years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 195
23、5, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in the last 30 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in or
24、der to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even cure diseases. These plants were the first drugs. Now plants are still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug u
25、sed to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains. The Indians of that region were the first to use the bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the early
26、 1600s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hormones and vaccines, are obtained from animals. But most of the modern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. Mo
27、st people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredients. People use drugs to get different results. Some drugs attack the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other d
28、rugs relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most over-the-counter drugs. People can get them in drug stores. （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The development of mode
29、rn drugs.B.How to make drugs.C.How to use drugs safely.D.The development of drugs.(2).It seems to the author that the medicine used by early people_.（分数：-0.20）A.was of no real valueB.was probably effectiveC.was easy to makeD.did more harm than good(3).Concerning the drug quinine, which of the follow
30、ing is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Originally, quinine was made from some tree bark.B.Quinine is used to cure malaria.C.Now, the cinchona tree is no longer the only source of quinine.D.It was the Spanish people who first used quinine as a medicine.(4).It is implied in the passage that most drugs can be_.（分
31、数：-0.20）A.manufactured artificiallyB.got from animal sourcesC.found naturally in plantsD.made from tree bark(5).The “over-the-counter drugs“ are those that _.（分数：-0.20）A.patients can get without doctors prescriptionsB.can relieve the symptoms of a diseaseC.attack the organism that causes a diseaseD.
32、tend to be complex and powerful synthetic drugsOn Antibodies Substances foreign to the body, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses and other infectious agents, are recognized by the body s immune system as invaders. Our natural defenses against these infectious agents are antibodies, proteins
33、 that seek out the antigens (抗原) and help destroy them. Antibodies have two very useful characteristics. First, they are extremely specific; that is, each antibody binds to and attacks one particular antigen. Second, some antibodies, once activated by the occurrence of a disease, continue to confer
34、resistance against that disease. Classic example are the antibodies to the childhood diseases of chickenpox(水痘) and measles. The second characteristic of antibodies makes it possible to develop vaccines. A vaccine (痘苗) is a preparation of killed or weakened bacteria or viruses that, when introduced
35、into the body, stimulates the production of antibodies against the antigens it contains. It is the first trait of antibodies, their specificity, that makes monoclonal antibody technology so valuable. Not only can antibodies be used therapeutically(在治疗上), to protect against disease; they can also hel
36、p to .diagnose a wide variety of illnesses, and can detect the presence of drugs, viral and bacterial products, and other unusual or abnormal substances in the blood. Given such a diversity of uses for these diseased-fighting substances, their production in pure quantities has long been the focus of
37、 scientific investigation. The conventional method was to inject a laboratory animal with an antigen and then, after antibodies had been formed, collect those antibodies from the blood serum(血清) (Antibody containing blood serum is called antiserum (抗血清). There are two problems with this method: It y
38、ields antiserum that contains undesired substances, and it provides a very small amount of usable antibody. Monoclonal antibody technology allows us to produce large amounts of pure antibodies. in the following way: we can obtain cells that produce antibodies naturally; we also have available a clas
39、s of cells that can grow continually in cell culture (培养). If we form a hybrid (混血儿) that combines the characteristic of “immortality“(永生)with the ability to produce the desired substance, we would have, in effect, a factory to produce antibodies that work around the clock. In monoclonal antibody te
40、chnology, tumor cells that can replicate (重复) endlessly are fused with mammalian cells that produce an antibody. The result of this cell fusion is a “hybridoma“ (杂交瘤), which will continually produce antibodies. These antibodies are called monoclonal because they come from only one type of cell, the
41、hybridoma cell; antibodies produced by conventional methods, on the other hand, are derived from preparations containing many kinds of cells, and hence are called polyclonal. An example of how monoclonal antibodies are derived is described below. A myeloma is a tumor of the bone marrow (骨髓) that can
42、 be adapted to grow permanendy in cell culture. When myeloma cells were fused with antibody-producing mammalian spleen cells, it was found that the resulting hybrid cells, or hybridomas, produced large amounts of monoclonal(骨髓瘤) antibody. This product of cell fusion combined the desired qualities of
43、 the two different types of cells: the ability to grow continually, and the ability to produce large amounts of pure antibody. Because selected hybrid cells produce only one specific antibody, they are more pure than the polyclonal antibodies produced by conventional techniques. They are potentially
44、 more effective than conventional drugs in fighting disease, since drugs attack not only the foreign substance but the bodys own cells as well, sometimes producing undesirable side effects such as nausea(恶心) and allergic reactions. Monoclonal antibodies attack the target molecule and only the target
45、 molecule, with no or greatly diminished side effects. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following substances is not an invader to the bodys immune system?（分数：-0.20）A.disease-causing bacteriaB.disease-causing virusesC.antigensD.protein(2).All the following statements about antibodies are true except_.（分数：-
46、0.20）A.each antibody attack one particular antigenB.all the antibodies resist against the disease when activatedC.the antibodies that attack measles, once activated, continue to confer resistance against measlesD.a vaccine can stimulate the production of antibodies(3).Which of the following function
47、s done NOT belong to antibodies?（分数：-0.20）A.To clone (克隆) themselvesB.To be used therapeuticallyC.To be diagnose some diseasesD.To find out whether something foreign is in the blood(4).The polyclonal antibodies are different from the monoclonal ones in all the following ways except that_.（分数：-0.20）A
48、.the productive techniques are differentB.the former contains some undesired substancesC.the former attacks the foreign substanceD.the former produces side effects, that is, attack the bodys own cells(5).Which of the following statements is false?（分数：-0.20）A.The conventional method produces the poly
49、clonal antibodies.B.The conventional method provides a very small amount of antibody.C.Hybridoma can produce antibodies around the clock.D.Antibody might be an invader to the bodys immune system.Vice Vaccines At first glance, vice vaccines look just great. These injections promise to inactivate drugs such as cocaine, heroin and nicotine in the bloodstream before they reach the brain. Without the “hit“, people just wont come back for more. Its true that these vaccines are still being developed, so their full risks and benefi
