1、职称英语(综合类)30 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Our plan is to (allocate) one member of staff to handle appointments.（分数：-1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order2.It is necessary to make a(n) (abstract) while writing a report.（分数：-1.00）A.summaryB.analysisC.discussionD.index3.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) th
2、is news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish4.He is sure of the coming of investment (boom) after adopting the new investment policies.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.increaseC.influenceD.preparation5.The short stories of Katherine Mansfield demonstrate her keen perceptions of human
3、 (character).（分数：-1.00）A.natureB.statusC.comedyD.appetite6.Helen will leave (immediately).（分数：-1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon7.Alex knew that he must (breathe) nothing of this to Nancy.（分数：-1.00）A.believeB.talkC.secretD.tell8.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to
4、be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.（分数：-1.00）A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.intentionallyD.thoroughly9.The number of the Unites States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.（分数：-1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.expectedD.entitled10.Many economists have given in to the
5、 fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle11.All the people were greatly surprised by this (sudden) decision.（分数：-1.00）A.abruptB.roughC.violentD.silly12.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary13.The farmers worried about the (lac
6、k) of rain.（分数：-1.00）A.shortageB.driftC.woeD.burden14.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smart) one.（分数：-1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave15.Unable to (control) himself, he tore the phone from his wifes hand,then from the socket, and throw it across the room.（分数：-
7、1.00）A.restrainB.refreshC.releaseD.relieveCompetition The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities d
8、irected against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categori
9、es of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is importa
10、nt to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of
11、 war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence
12、 occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the
13、 competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful na
14、tions grow and proper (繁荣); the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. （分数：-0.98）(1).In firs
15、t paragraph, the author gives the definition of some terms in order to distinguish between two kinds of opposition.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that it results in war in most cases.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).
16、The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means harm each other.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict can be avoided.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the q
17、uestion“ Why is there conflict and competition?“（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Competition is essentially a struggle for existence.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Competition can lead to conflict.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedAshleys Message of Hope 1. The birth of an
18、y child raises many questions. Will she have my eyes, her dads smile? What will she want to be when she grows up? But the biggest question for every parent is “Will she be healthy?“ 2. Our daughter, Ashley Elizabeth Naylor, was born on August 12, 1988. We had a lot of mixed emotions the day of her b
19、irth, but mainly we felt fear and despair. The doctors suspected complications (并发病) , which led to a cesarean section (剖腹产手术) , but the exact problem was not known. Two weeks after her birth, chromosome (染色体) analysis revealed cat cry syndrome. The doctors were uncertain about how the disease would
20、 develop. This was a rare disorder, we were told, and little could be offered to help our daughter. The doctors used the words “profoundly slow,“ which cut like a knife through our hearts and our hopes. It wasnt until a few years later that we realized how little the medical community actually knew
21、about cat cry syndrome and especially about our little girl! 3. Ashley defied all the standard medical labels, as well as her doctors expectations. Her spirit and determination enabled her to walk with the aid of a walker (学步车) and express herself using sign language and a communication device. With
22、 early intervention and education at United Services for the Handicapped, Ashley found the resources and additional encouragement she needed to succeed. In return, Ashley freely offered one of her best loved and sought after giftsher embraces. Her bright eyes and glowing smile captured the hearts of
23、 everyone she met. 4. In May of 1992, Ashleys small body could no longer support the spirit that inspired so many. She passed away after a long battle with pneumonia (肺炎). Her physical presence is gone, but her message remains: hope. 5. If you are a parent faced with similar profound questions after
24、 the birth of your child, do not assume one doctor has all the answers. Search for doctors who respect your child enough to talk to her, not just about her. Above all, find an agency or a school that can help you give your child a chance to succeed. Early education for your child and support for you
25、rself are crucial. 6. If you are a student in a health field, become as knowledgeable as possible and stay current with the latest research, but most importantly, be sensitive to those who seek your help. Each word you speak is taken to heart, but hope can make all the difference in a familys future
26、. A. Helping a Doctor to Succeed B. Hearts Saddened by a Rare Disorder of Our Baby Girl C. Sympathy and Knowledge Shown by Medical Students D. Message Left Behind by a Short but Inspiring Life E. Helping Your Unlucky Kid to Succeed F. Wonders Made by Our Sick but Charming Little Girl （分数：-1.04）(1).P
27、aragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).What a parent is most concerned with upon the birth of a child is_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(6).The day her daughter was born, the writers heart was mostly filled with_
28、.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).All those who met the little girl were touched by her_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).A parent should do as much as he or she can so as to give his or her child_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Bathing In the Sea Bathing in the sea in England a hundred years ago was not quite the light-hearted amuse
29、ment that it is today. There are no running down from the hotel to the beach in a bath robe(长袍) , no sunbathing, or lying about on the sands in bathing-dresses after the dip. Everything had to be done in an orderly and extremely polite manner. Mixed bathing was not allowed anywhere. Men and women ea
30、ch had their separate part of the beach, and they were not supposed to meet in the water. Bathing clothes were also closely controlled. Men usually wore simple bathing drawers and no more, but women were obliged to wear thick, cumbersome woolen garments that covered them completely from head to foot
31、. These satisfied the demands of modesty, but they must have been extremely uncomfortable for swimming. Even thus decently covered, women were not supposed to show themselves on the beach while in bathing attire(浴衣). They had to wait their turn for a bathing machine, a sort of wooden cabin on wheels
32、 which was drawn right down to the waters edge by horses. On its seaward side a sort of hood or canopy(罩盖) stretched outwards and downwards over the water, completely hiding the bather until she was actually in the sea, There was a bathing woman in attendance, part of whose duty was to dip, in other
33、 words, to seize the bather as soon as she emerged and dip her forcibly under water two or three times. This was supposed to be for the benefit of her health, and no doubt it was all right in the hands of the gentle. But most bathing women were the reverse of gentle, and to be dipped by them must ha
34、ve been a strenuous form of exercise. （分数：-1.00）(1).Women wore uncomfortable bathing clothes because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it protected them from the coldB.it was considered bad manners to show any fleshC.it made it easier to swimD.it covered them from head to foot(2).The bathing machine was used _.（分数：-0.20
35、）A.so that the horses could drink at the waters edgeB.so that the bather could hide from the seaC.so that the bather could swim in the seaD.so that the bather could be screened (掩蔽) until she was in the sea(3).A bathing-womans job was to_ .（分数：-0.20）A.attend to the bathing machineB.dip the attendant
36、C.force the bather to emerge from the bathing machineD.force the bather under the water when she came out of the machine(4).Most bathing-women were_.（分数：-0.20）A.gentleB.the opposite of roughC.roughD.strenuous(5).A suitable title for this passage would be_.（分数：-0.20）A.Sea Bathing Through the AgesB.Ba
37、thing Clothes Through the AgesC.Sea HorsesD.A Hundred Years of Sun BathingThe Function of Tomatoes How do we love tomatoes? Lets count the ways: we love them in pasta, on pizza, in juice, in salad and soup, sliced on sandwiches, stuffed with tuna, even dried and baked in bagels, but most of all, we
38、love them right off vineripe, red, and delicious. While tomato lovers dont need an excuse for eating them by the bushel (蒲式耳), now theres even more reason to savor these delicious fruits. Evidence is mounting that people who eat tomatoes have a substantially lower risk for cancer. In a thousand-pers
39、on study of eating habits and health, Harvard Medical School researchers found that those who ate tomatoes every week had the lowest chance of dying form cancer. Recently, a study of 48, 000 American men showed a 21 to 34 percent lower risk for prostate cancer(前列腺癌)among those who consumed tomatoes,
40、 tomato sauce, or pizza more than twice a week. And in study of men and women in Italy, eating seven or more serving of raw tomatoes a week was linked to a 30 to 60 percent reduction in digestive tract and prostate cancers, depending on the type of cancer. The protective qualities of the tomato are
41、thought to come from lycopene(番茄红素) ,a potent antioxidant(抗氧化的) plant chemical that is abundant in tomatoes. Lycopene is responsible for the red color of tomatoes; the darker red the tomato is, the more lycopene it contains. Green and yellow tomatoes do not contain lycopene. Lycopoene is also found
42、in watermelon and pink grapefruit, but tomatoes are the most abundant source. Cooking enhances the lycopene more available. Thus, tomato sauce and paste is even a better source for lycopene than fresh raw tomatoes. Lycopene is fat soluble and must be consumed with a certain amount of fat to be absor
43、bed by the body. Tomato recipes must contain a moderate amount of oil to ensure that along with a delicious taste treat, you will also be receiving all the health benefits tomatoes have to offer. （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the main subject of the passage?（分数：-0.20）A.Experiments are done to study tomatoes
44、.B.Tomatoes are delicious food.C.Many people love eating tomatoes.D.Eating tomatoes can lower risk for cancer.(2).Why does the writer say tomato lovers dont need an excuse for eating them by the bushel?（分数：-0.20）A.It is proved that lycopene in which tomatoes are the most abundant lower risk for canc
45、er.B.Except its delicacy, there is more reason that not mentioned in the passage.C.Tomatoes are the most abundant source of lycopene.D.Tomatoes are hard to be absorbed by the body.(3).According to the passage, it is showed_ lower risk for prostate cancer among those who consumed tomatoes more than o
46、nce a day.（分数：-0.20）A.a 21 to 34 percentB.a 30 to 60 percentC.a 21 to 30 percentD.a 34 to 60 percent(4).What is the relationship between the color of tomatoes and lycopene?（分数：-0.20）A.The light red tomatoes do not contain lycopene.B.The darker green and yellow the tomato, the less lycopene it contai
47、ns.C.The lighter red the tomato, the less lycopene it contains.D.Green and yellow tomatoes contain little lycopene.(5).In order to be absorbed by body_.（分数：-0.20）A.lycopene must be consumed with a certain fatB.you should consume dark red tomatoesC.raw tomatoes can be eatenD.you should consume waterm
48、elon and pink grapefruit except tomatoesThe Grand Canyon Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon(大峡谷), gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion(震动). In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from b
49、eing sudden and catastrophic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion. Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years. Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau s flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bul
