1、职称英语(综合类)27 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The number of the Unites States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.（分数：-1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.expectedD.entitled2.He appeared to be (absorbed in) the sports news on TV.（分数：-1.00）A.entertained inB.listened toC.concentrating uponD
2、.worried about3.William Faulkner was generally (acknowledged) as the major American writer of his time.（分数：-1.00）A.praisedB.prizedC.signedD.regarded4.Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours reading.（分数：-1.00）A.sit upB.sit inC.sit onD.sit through5.It is taken for granted that a piano without any
3、 (defects) would produce very grand music.（分数：-1.00）A.dislikesB.incidentsC.faultsD.merits6.His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.（分数：-1.00）A.forgotB.resistedC.deletedD.left out7.In some cultures people who were thought to have the ability to (explain) dreams were likely to be
4、highly respected.（分数：-1.00）A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impact8.In violin making, the (choice) of the wood is crucial.（分数：-1.00）A.selectionB.grainC.resonanceD.shape9.His novel was adapted for the stage in 1949 as a musical play (entitled) as St. Louis woman.（分数：-1.00）A.chosen forB.includedC.star
5、redD.named10.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating11.Peter was an (energetic) and athletic youth.（分数：-1.00）A.alertB.awkwardC.activeD.skillful12.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.poss
6、ibleC.daringD.decisive13.My nephew said that Dickens was his (best loved) writer and that he had read nearly all of his novels.（分数：-1.00）A.famousB.popularC.favorableD.favorite14.The land crab, a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to (breed).（分数：-1.00）A.dieB.swim
7、C.mateD.hatch15.The technicians (conducted) investigations before they put forward the suggestions at the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.madeB.directedC.guidedD.controlledNurses The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients
8、without the help of numerous other medical workers. From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally
9、trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis.
10、 There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurses, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick persons. Under the supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This re
11、sponsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换) their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward call
12、ed the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations , but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do
13、 intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. （分数：-0.98）(1).The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.（分数：-0.14）A
14、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A nurse is not qualified if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Nurses often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not ment
15、ioned(5).Nursing services in a hospital are generally available around the clock.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The nurses station is the only place where nurses in a hospital ward can be found.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hos
16、pital are better trained than other nurses.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living
17、 along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the t
18、axi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives
19、and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries,
20、even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans m
21、ove very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. A. Population B. Over Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3
22、).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).In China a guest leaves a little of his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a
23、 hurry, and many visitors_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Memory Class Stan Field knows what age can do to a persons memory, and hes not taking any chances with his. He chooses his food carefully and gets plenty of exercise. He also avoids stress, coca cola and cigarette smoke. Whats more, at breakfast each morn
24、ing, the 69-year-old chemical engineer swallows a plateful of pills in the hope of boosting his brain power. Michelle Amove is less than half Fields age, but no less concerned about her memory. While working round the clock to finish a degree in film studies, the 33-year-old New Yorker had the alarm
25、ing sensation that she had stopped retaining anything. “I couldnt even remember names,“ she says. “I thought, Oh, no, Im over 30. Its all downhill from here. “ Besides loading up on supplements, Amove signed up for a memory enhancing course at New Yorks Mount Siani Medical Center. And when she got t
26、here, she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worried as she was. For millions of Americans, and especially for baby boomers (生育高峰出生的人) , the demands of the Information Age conflict with a sense of declining physical power. “When boomers were in their 30s and 40s, they launched the f
27、itness boom,“ says Cynthia Green, the psychologist who teaches Mount Sinais memory class. “Now we have the mental-fitness boom Memory is the boomers new life-crisis issue.“ And of course a major marketing opportunity. The demand for books and seminars has never been greater, says Jack Lannom, a long
28、time memory trainer whose weekly TV show, “ Mind Unlimited,“ goes out to 33 million homes on the Christian Network. Anxious consumers are rushing to buy do-it-yourself programs and supplement makers are trying to sell everything but sawdust (木屑) as a brain booster. But before you get out your checkb
29、ook, a few questions are in order. Does everyday forgetfulness signal declining brain function? Is “megamemory“ (超级记忆) a realistic goal for normal people? And if you could have a perfect memory, would you really want it? Until recently, no one could address those issues with much authority, but our
30、knowledge of memory is exploding. New techniques are revealing how different parts of the brain interact to preserve meaningful experiences. Biologists are trying to understand the underlying (潜在的) chemical processes and neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) are discovering how age, stress and other factors can
31、 disrupt them. No one is close to finding the secret to perfect recall, but as youll see, that may be just as well. （分数：-1.00）(1).What does Stan Field take at breakfast?（分数：-0.20）A.Food only.B.Nothing.C.Food and pills.D.A plateful of pills only.(2).What is the meaning of “working round the clock“ ?（
32、分数：-0.20）A.Working day and night.B.Making clocks.C.Working with a clock nearby.D.Repairing clocks.(3).Many baby-boomers living in the Information Age feel that_.（分数：-0.20）A.their financial status is decliningB.their political influence is decliningC.their will power is decliningD.their physical powe
33、r is declining(4).Which of the following does NOT indicate peoples enhanced awareness of the importance of memory?（分数：-0.20）A.More demand for coca cola and cigarettes.B.More demand for seminars on memory.C.More demand for memory-enhancing supplements.D.More demand for books on memory.(5).According t
34、o the writer, the secret to perfect memory_.（分数：-0.20）A.is not in sight yetB.will never be foundC.was found a long time agoD.has been foundA Hierarchy of Hormones All of the cells in a particular plant start out with the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and from struc
35、tures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits? The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory
36、molecules. Five major hormones have been identified; auxin (生长素), abscisic acid(脱落酸) ,cytokinin(细胞激动素), hetylene(乙烯), and gibberellin(赤霉素). Studies of plants have now identified a new class of regulatory molecules called oligosaccharins. Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones
37、 are pleiotropic (多向性的) rather than specific, that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants. The five have so many simultaneous effects that they are not very useful in artificially controlling the growth of crops. Auxin, for instance, stimulates the rate of cell elo
38、ngation(拉长), causes shoots to grow up and roots to grow down, and inhibits the growth of lateral(侧面的) shoots. Auxin also causes the plant to develop a vascular(维管的) system, to from lateral roots, and to produce ethylene. The pleiotropy of the five well-studied plant hormones is somewhat analogous (类
39、似的) to that of certain hormones in animal. For example, hormones from the hypothalamus (下五脑) in the brain stimulate the anterior(前面的) lobe of the pituitary gland to synthesize and release many different hormones, one of which stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal(肾上腺的) cortex(皮质|). The
40、se hormones have specific effects on target organs all over the body. One hormone stimulates the thyroid (甲状腺的) gland, for example, another the ovarian (子房)follicle cells, and so forth. In other words, there is a hierarchy(统治集团) of hormones. Such a hierarchy may also exist in plants. Oligosaccharins
41、 are fragments of the cell wall released by enzymes (酶): different enzymes release different oligosaccharins. There are indications that pleiotropic plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that release these other, more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall. （分数：-1.0
42、0）(1).According to the passage, the five well-known plant hormones are not useful in controlling the growth of crops because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it is not known exactly what functions the hormones performB.each hormone has various effects on plantsC.none of the hormones can function without the othersD.eac
43、h hormone has different effects on different kinds of plants(2).The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performed by an oligosacharin?（分数：-0.20）A.To stimulate a particular plant cell to become part of a plants root system.B.To activate enzymes that release specifi
44、c chemical messengers from plant call walls.C.To duplicate the gene complement in a particular plant cell.D.To produce multiple effects on a particular subsystem of plant cells.(3).The author mentions specific effects that auxin has on plant development in order to illustrate the_（分数：-0.20）A.way in
45、which hormones are produced by plantB.hierarchical nature of the functioning of plant hormones.C.differences between the best-known plant hormones.D.concept of pleiotropy as it is exhibited by plant hormones.(4).According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by
46、oligosacchains?（分数：-0.20）A.Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals.B.Pleasing specific chemical messengers from a plants cell walls.C.Reoducing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions.D.Influencing the development of a plants cells by c
47、ontrolling the expression of the cells genes.(5).The passage suggests that, unlike the pleiotropio hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effectively to_.（分数：-0.20）A.trace the passage of chemicals through the walls of cells.B.pinpoint functions of other plant hormones.C.artificially control specifi
48、c aspects of the development of crops.D.alter the complement of genes in the cells of plants.Cancer The popular TV variety-show host was grim but calm. He faced the cameras and said bluntly: “I have cancer.“ Masataka Itsumis disclosure may be the latest sign that the shame associated with cancer is
49、finally breaking down in a country where, unlike the United Sates, the topic has traditionally been taboo. Cancer is the countrys No.1 killer, chaining more than 230,000 lives a year. Despite the number of people affected, the subject has long been concealed in secrecy and silence. As a rule, Japanese are reluctant to tell anyone other than family if they have cancer. And doctors often lie to patients about a cancer diagnosis, fearing they would be depressed and weakened by the truth. Polls indicate that mo
