1、职称英语(综合类)26 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The exploration of outer space is a great (triumph) of modern science.（分数：-1.00）A.superiorB.symbolC.successionD.success2.He (claimed proudly) that he was the best swimmer in his school.（分数：-1.00）A.braggedB.allegedC.exclaimedD.praised3.The question was discar
2、ded because it was (ambiguous).（分数：-1.00）A.biasedB.tentativeC.vagueD.renowned4.Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle5.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to (shrink).（分数：-1.00）A.smellB.fadeC.hardenD.contract6.The train c
3、ame to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.slowB.noisyC.suddenD.jumpy7.People from many countries were (drawn) to the United States by the growing cities and industries.（分数：-1.00）A.draftedB.orderedC.transportedD.attracted8.I wonder who first (conceived) the idea of cutting a
4、 hole in the door.（分数：-1.00）A.thought ofB.came onC.gave upD.handed out9.The doctors have (abandoned) the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：-1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused10.A central objective of the developed country was to (alleviate) the problems of the urban poor.（分数：-1.00）A.lessenB.id
5、entifyC.overcomeD.regulate11.Three straight lines meeting at three points (constitute) a triangle.（分数：-1.00）A.center onB.come down toC.consist ofD.form12.Mary had sold her bike, taken a driving (test) and bought a car.（分数：-1.00）A.examinationB.quizC.exerciseD.check13.A seismograph is a (device) desig
6、ned to measure vibrations of the ground.（分数：-1.00）A.elementB.telescopeC.vehicleD.instrument14.The machine must be operated (by hand). It isnt automatic.（分数：-1.00）A.mentallyB.annuallyC.manuallyD.heavily15.After the whole days march, they are too (fatigue) to walk any more.（分数：-1.00）A.hungryB.sleepyC.
7、thirstyD.tiredDyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way . One of the worlds great thin
8、kers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80
9、 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that controls language is larger than the right sid
10、e. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but
11、 some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they
12、 often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. （分数：-0.98）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The first cases of
13、 dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in rig
14、ht-handed females.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly.（分数：-0.14
15、）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he w
16、ent to bed at 10 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“ courses have a “pacing“some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number
17、you have reached. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pa
18、ges of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this “lightning speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5.
19、 Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what h
20、as been said. A. The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Your Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F. Hints for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4
21、（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.
22、D.(8).Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.On the Train The night train from Glasgow was so crowded that Donald, who was on his way to London to find a temporary job for the university vacation, wished that he had decided to travel by day. He had never be
23、en so hard up. He got on the train and walked along the corridor of the second-class compartments. He couldnt find a seat anywhere. He could not afford to travel first class, and he did not want to stand in the corridor. Neither did he want to sit on his suitcase. He was so tired that he decided to
24、sit down in a first class compartment at least for a while. He soon found one with a single occupant (乘客) , a gentleman reading documents from a briefcase. With the self-assurance of a first class traveler, he opened the door and went in. No sooner had he sat down than the ticket inspector arrived.
25、What bad luck! Now he would have to pay the excess (额外的) fare. As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement. It was humiliating (令人感到羞辱的). However, he was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Presently, hearing a noise, he half opened his eyes.
26、Not only did he notice that his traveling companion had gone, but he also saw that a rough-looking man was searching through the businessmans briefcase. Donald grabbed the briefcase and wrenched (猛夺) it free, kicking at the mans leg. The man fled. Then the businessman returned and found Donald holdi
27、ng the briefcase and peering inside it. Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling. Nor was this the only surprising thing. Not only was the gentleman (who introduced himself as Mr. Smith) smiling, but he thanked Donald warmly. On his way back to the compartme
28、nt, Mr. Smith had seen the man leaving in a great hurry. He had so quickly assessed the situation that he knew Donald was innocent. Only after a long chat, in which Donald was asked many questions about himself, did Donald discover that Mr. Smith was in fact managing director of a large factory in L
29、ondon. Donald had never imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job, but just as they were leaving the train, Mr. Smith offered him the post of temporary Night Security Officer for his factory. （分数：-1.00）(1).The train Donald took was_.（分数：-0.20）A.a night train to LondonB.a night
30、 train Jo GlasgowC.a daytime train to LondonD.a daytime train to Glasgow(2).Donald went into a first-class compartment as if he were_.（分数：-0.20）A.a conductorB.a cleanerC.an inspectorD.a first class traveler(3).According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following statements about Donald is NOT tru
31、e?（分数：-0.20）A.He traveled without any baggage.B.He was badly in need of money.C.He bought a ticket for a second-class compartment.D.He was probably a university student.(4).Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “awkward“ in paragraph 4?（分数：-0.20）A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Desperate.D.
32、Embarrassing.(5).Mr. Smith realized that Donald was innocent_.（分数：-0.20）A.after he had swiftly evaluated the situationB.before he met the fleeing manC.after he had a long chat with DonaldD.after he checked the briefcaseBathing In the Sea Bathing in the sea in England a hundred years ago was not quit
33、e the light-hearted amusement that it is today. There are no running down from the hotel to the beach in a bath robe(长袍) , no sunbathing, or lying about on the sands in bathing-dresses after the dip. Everything had to be done in an orderly and extremely polite manner. Mixed bathing was not allowed a
34、nywhere. Men and women each had their separate part of the beach, and they were not supposed to meet in the water. Bathing clothes were also closely controlled. Men usually wore simple bathing drawers and no more, but women were obliged to wear thick, cumbersome woolen garments that covered them com
35、pletely from head to foot. These satisfied the demands of modesty, but they must have been extremely uncomfortable for swimming. Even thus decently covered, women were not supposed to show themselves on the beach while in bathing attire(浴衣). They had to wait their turn for a bathing machine, a sort
36、of wooden cabin on wheels which was drawn right down to the waters edge by horses. On its seaward side a sort of hood or canopy(罩盖) stretched outwards and downwards over the water, completely hiding the bather until she was actually in the sea, There was a bathing woman in attendance, part of whose
37、duty was to dip, in other words, to seize the bather as soon as she emerged and dip her forcibly under water two or three times. This was supposed to be for the benefit of her health, and no doubt it was all right in the hands of the gentle. But most bathing women were the reverse of gentle, and to
38、be dipped by them must have been a strenuous form of exercise. （分数：-1.00）(1).Women wore uncomfortable bathing clothes because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it protected them from the coldB.it was considered bad manners to show any fleshC.it made it easier to swimD.it covered them from head to foot(2).The bathing mac
39、hine was used _.（分数：-0.20）A.so that the horses could drink at the waters edgeB.so that the bather could hide from the seaC.so that the bather could swim in the seaD.so that the bather could be screened (掩蔽) until she was in the sea(3).A bathing-womans job was to_ .（分数：-0.20）A.attend to the bathing m
40、achineB.dip the attendantC.force the bather to emerge from the bathing machineD.force the bather under the water when she came out of the machine(4).Most bathing-women were_.（分数：-0.20）A.gentleB.the opposite of roughC.roughD.strenuous(5).A suitable title for this passage would be_.（分数：-0.20）A.Sea Bat
41、hing Through the AgesB.Bathing Clothes Through the AgesC.Sea HorsesD.A Hundred Years of Sun BathingAmericans Decrease Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity(不同) between the indigenous (本土的) population of America in 1492new estimates of
42、which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous(险峻的) decline, and it is highly p
43、robable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil (处女地) epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically(免疫学的) almost defenseless.
44、 That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies(病)small pox, measles(麻疹) ,malaria(疟病), yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction
45、 are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous (可怕的) epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by recent equantitative analyses of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French
46、 colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous records until the seventieth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore , the British tended to drive the native pop
47、ulations away, rather than enslaving them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists direct observation. Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the indigenous population. In 16161619 a
48、n epidemic, possibly of bubonic or pneumonic (肺的) plague (瘟疫), swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630s small-pox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820s fever
49、devastated the people of the Coulumbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them. Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay. Quebec, affected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of
