1、职称英语(综合类)25 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The technicians (conducted) investigations before they put forward the suggestions at the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.madeB.directedC.guidedD.controlled2.The doctor soon made the worried patient feel (comfortable).（分数：-1.00）A.at easeB.in privateC.at restD.in peace3.
2、When he got out of the managers office, from his facial expression we knew that his proposal must have been (turned down).（分数：-1.00）A.refusedB.acceptedC.adoptedD.denied4.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame5.All
3、foreign troops must (withdraw) from the country.（分数：-1.00）A.retainB.retireC.reviseD.retreat6.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly7.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish8.T
4、he workers finally (called off) the strike.（分数：-1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in9.I beg you once again, never (desert) me in my misfortunes!（分数：-1.00）A.condemnB.abandonC.offendD.pluck10.Experiments enable young scientists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be vi
5、ewed with (suspicion).（分数：-1.00）A.doubtB.beliefC.curiosityD.judgment11.The New Year is coming. We decided to give our room a (thorough) clean.（分数：-1.00）A.carefulB.completeC.realD.serious12.Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard to (detect).（分数：-1.00）A.explainB.unco
6、verC.discoverD.ignore13.Starfish (cling to) stones by the suction of their innumerable tube feet.（分数：-1.00）A.attractB.destroyC.swim over toD.hold fast to14.The doctors have (abandoned) the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：-1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused15.Our company is (collaborating) wi
7、th a Japanese firm in designing a new computer.（分数：-1.00）A.mergingB.allocatingC.communicatingD.cooperatingNurses The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers. Fr
8、om the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal
9、 of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurses
10、, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick persons. Under the supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses
11、 must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换) their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her g
12、uard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations , but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jo
13、bs in the hospital. （分数：-0.98）(1).The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A nurse is not qualifi
14、ed if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Nurses often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Nursing services in a hospital are generally
15、available around the clock.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The nurses station is the only place where nurses in a hospital ward can be found.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.（分数：-0.14）A
16、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226
17、million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of
18、 buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even
19、 skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is
20、 not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying
21、to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. A. Population B. Over Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.1
22、3）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).In China a guest leaves a little of his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a hurry, and many visitors_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.A Hierarc
23、hy of Hormones All of the cells in a particular plant start out with the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and from structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits? The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are express
24、ed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules. Five major hormones have been identified; auxin (生长素), abscisic acid(脱落酸) ,cytokinin(细胞激动素), hetylene(乙烯), and gibberellin(赤霉素). Studies
25、of plants have now identified a new class of regulatory molecules called oligosaccharins. Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic (多向性的) rather than specific, that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants. The five have so many
26、simultaneous effects that they are not very useful in artificially controlling the growth of crops. Auxin, for instance, stimulates the rate of cell elongation(拉长), causes shoots to grow up and roots to grow down, and inhibits the growth of lateral(侧面的) shoots. Auxin also causes the plant to develop
27、 a vascular(维管的) system, to from lateral roots, and to produce ethylene. The pleiotropy of the five well-studied plant hormones is somewhat analogous (类似的) to that of certain hormones in animal. For example, hormones from the hypothalamus (下五脑) in the brain stimulate the anterior(前面的) lobe of the pi
28、tuitary gland to synthesize and release many different hormones, one of which stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal(肾上腺的) cortex(皮质|). These hormones have specific effects on target organs all over the body. One hormone stimulates the thyroid (甲状腺的) gland, for example, another the ovar
29、ian (子房)follicle cells, and so forth. In other words, there is a hierarchy(统治集团) of hormones. Such a hierarchy may also exist in plants. Oligosaccharins are fragments of the cell wall released by enzymes (酶): different enzymes release different oligosaccharins. There are indications that pleiotropic
30、 plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that release these other, more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the five well-known plant hormones are not useful in controlling the growth of crops because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it is not
31、known exactly what functions the hormones performB.each hormone has various effects on plantsC.none of the hormones can function without the othersD.each hormone has different effects on different kinds of plants(2).The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performe
32、d by an oligosacharin?（分数：-0.20）A.To stimulate a particular plant cell to become part of a plants root system.B.To activate enzymes that release specific chemical messengers from plant call walls.C.To duplicate the gene complement in a particular plant cell.D.To produce multiple effects on a particu
33、lar subsystem of plant cells.(3).The author mentions specific effects that auxin has on plant development in order to illustrate the_（分数：-0.20）A.way in which hormones are produced by plantB.hierarchical nature of the functioning of plant hormones.C.differences between the best-known plant hormones.D
34、.concept of pleiotropy as it is exhibited by plant hormones.(4).According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosacchains?（分数：-0.20）A.Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals.B.Pleasing specific chemical messengers from a plants cell wa
35、lls.C.Reoducing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions.D.Influencing the development of a plants cells by controlling the expression of the cells genes.(5).The passage suggests that, unlike the pleiotropio hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effective
36、ly to_.（分数：-0.20）A.trace the passage of chemicals through the walls of cells.B.pinpoint functions of other plant hormones.C.artificially control specific aspects of the development of crops.D.alter the complement of genes in the cells of plants.Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants
37、develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and
38、in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon
39、 its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of p
40、lants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still
41、 when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the abili
42、ty to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions
43、. （分数：-1.00）(1).Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_.（分数：-0.20）A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.B.survive even in extremely severe conditionsC.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.D.result in th
44、e evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.(2).In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by_.（分数：-0.20）A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies(3).It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored_.（分数：-0.20）A.to frightened i
45、ts enemies.B.to attract its enemiesC.to adjust its body heatD.to match its environment(4).Which of the following is not directly mentioned?（分数：-0.20）A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living orga
46、nism may adapt in its sleeping habit.(5).The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?（分数：-0.20）A.A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its ownB.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is ne
47、ar.C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicalsD.A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.Memory Class Stan Field knows what age can do to a persons memory, and hes not taking any chances with his. He chooses his food carefully and
48、gets plenty of exercise. He also avoids stress, coca cola and cigarette smoke. Whats more, at breakfast each morning, the 69-year-old chemical engineer swallows a plateful of pills in the hope of boosting his brain power. Michelle Amove is less than half Fields age, but no less concerned about her m
49、emory. While working round the clock to finish a degree in film studies, the 33-year-old New Yorker had the alarming sensation that she had stopped retaining anything. “I couldnt even remember names,“ she says. “I thought, Oh, no, Im over 30. Its all downhill from here. “ Besides loading up on supplements, Amove signed up for a memory enhancing course at New Yorks Mount Siani Medical Center. And when she got there, she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worried as she was. For millions of Amer
