1、职称英语(综合类)23 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.He (maintained) that the opinion was wrong.（分数：-1.00）A.emphasizedB.repairedC.stuckD.helped2.Your father is (furious) about the damage you have done to the flower beds.（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.anxiousC.uncertainD.worried3.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and
2、 I was really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating4.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge5.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all
3、the timeC.at the same timeD.in time6.I (spotted) my father in the crowd.（分数：-1.00）A.recognizedB.recalledC.receivedD.recorded7.The policeman (cautioned) us about the icy roads after the heavy snowfall last night.（分数：-1.00）A.informedB.remindC.describedD.alerted8.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1
4、.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly9.Experiments enable young scientists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be viewed with (suspicion).（分数：-1.00）A.doubtB.beliefC.curiosityD.judgment10.People from many countries were (drawn) to the United States by the grow
5、ing cities and industries.（分数：-1.00）A.draftedB.orderedC.transportedD.attracted11.The trade union leaders had been urged to make a (concession) by the protesters.（分数：-1.00）A.apologyB.permissionC.substitutionD.compromise12.The little girls were (commended) for their wonderful dance presentation.（分数：-1
6、.00）A.pleasedB.respectedC.praisedD.recommended13.When he got out of the managers office, from his facial expression we knew that his proposal must have been (turned down).（分数：-1.00）A.refusedB.acceptedC.adoptedD.denied14.He took us to an automobile (show) yesterday afternoon.（分数：-1.00）A.designB.perfo
7、rmanceC.raceD.exhibition15.Dont be so (innocent) as to believe everything the politicians say.（分数：-1.00）A.ignorantB.illiterateC.simpleD.stupidMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next
8、 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in th
9、e US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examinati
10、on Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more lik
11、ely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
12、 in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for
13、 most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a
14、greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分数：-0.14）A.Right
15、B.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedResistance to Malaria 1. “Our job“, said the health officer, “is to spray the walls of every house in every town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico“. Yo
16、u may be surprised to learn that there are about ninety-nine thousand separate villages and towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses deep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say that most of these localities lie within districts war
17、m enough for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to live in and spread the disease. That means that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once or twice a year for five years.“ 2. “We have studied everything very carefully“ , the officer continued. “Our advance guards have drawn m
18、aps of some forty thousand parts of the country for use by the spray teams. Each house in the malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nations has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach b
19、y car. Half of our spray teams go on horseback or by boat.“ 3. “The malaria programme has been popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy has offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the movement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education
20、 has printed sheets in Spanish and the more widely spoken Indian languages to explain how malaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the churches of many communities to explain the programme.“ 4. Resistance is a problem. It was in the United States that such resistance to spray
21、s was first proved. Since then many other insects have developed resistance to poisons. Take the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off. For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly. 5. What worries the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes
22、may become resistant. Already resistance to some of the sprays has appeared in parts of the world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays. A. What worries us? B. What we have done? C. Whats our job? D. More and more people joined us. E. It will be a hard work. F. Whats the problem?
23、 （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Education Department support the malaria programme by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).D. D. T. is a kind of poisons which could_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).It
24、takes _ to finish all the projects.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).Carrying out such a programme in Mexico needs_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.AIDS AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The human immunodeficiency virus (人类免疫缺损病毒)called HIV is believed to cause AIDS. There is no cure. People who get the disease
25、will die. AIDS itself does not kill. However, it attacks and destroys the bodys defense system that fights against infection. When this happens, a person has little ability to fight off many other diseases including pneumonia(肺炎), cancer and tuberculosis (结核病). A new study says the number of women i
26、n the United States with AIDS has increased sharply. The study says AIDS is increasing faster among women than among men. Eighteen percent of AIDS patients are women. This is almost 3 times the rate 10 years ago. Most women get the AIDS virus from having sexual relations with men. Pregnant women wit
27、h the disease can pass it to their babies. The effect of AIDS in America is greatest in large cities. AIDS is the leading cause of death among all people in 79 cities. It is the leading cause of death among women in 15 cities. These include New York City and Miami, Florida. Doctors in the United Sta
28、tes first noted AIDS 14 years ago in homosexual (同性恋的)men in New York and California. In the United States AIDS spread first among homosexual men. Then it appeared in people who shared needles to put illegal drugs into their blood. It also appeared in people who had received infected blood products
29、at hospitals. The AIDS virus is spread through the exchange of infected blood or body fluids released during sexual activity. It is also spread by having sexual relations with someone who has the virus. And it is spread by sharing drug needles that have infected blood on them. AIDS has affected seve
30、ral famous American athletes. Two years ago, former tennis player Arthur Ashe died of the disease. At about the same time, former basketball player Magic Johnson announced that he has the AIDS virus. The most recent athlete to be affected is Gregory Louganis. Louganis won a number of gold medals in
31、Olympic diving competition. He announced on television that he has AIDS. President Clinton met with Louganis and praised him for discussing his sickness. Mr. Clinton said it is important to educate the public. Activists have succeeded in educating Americans about AIDS and the people who have it. The
32、y also have been urging the federal government to increase efforts to find a cure for AIDS. Scientists first identified the virus that is believed to cause AIDS in 1983. Many of them then thought they could produce an anti-AIDS vaccine(痘苗). Such a medicine could be given to people to protect against
33、 the disease. However, scientists at American government agencies, universities and drug companies have failed to produce an anti-AIDS vaccine. But they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：-0.20）A.A
34、IDS is the leading cause of death among young adults in American.B.Most of the new AIDS cases reported in 1993 were among minority population.C.There are more women than men among the AIDS patients in the United States.D.AIDS has a big effect on large cities.(2).What is not likely to happen?（分数：-0.2
35、0）A.A man with AIDS passes the disease to his wife.B.A pregnant woman with AIDS passes it to her baby.C.A doctor with AIDS passes the disease to his or her patients.D.A person with AIDS passes it to another person who share needles with the former to pull illegal drugs into their blood.(3).AIDS has
36、created some reactions in America that are mentioned in the text except that_（分数：-0.20）A.some people have changed their sexual activity.B.some Americans kill people with AIDS.C.some Americans hate and fear people with AIDS.D.some Americans show sympathy for people with AIDS.(4).Why are some museums
37、closed in a yearly event called Day without Art?（分数：-0.20）A.These museums are empty, nothing can be seen there.B.Most workers in these museums have gotten AIDS.C.They protect what is called AIDS culture.D.They honor people who have died of AIDS.(5).Have scientists produced an ant-AIDS vaccine?（分数：-0
38、.20）A.Yes, they did in 1981 .B.Yes, they did in 1983.C.No. And they have given up the effort.D.Not yet, but they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixty years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 1955,
39、a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in the last 30 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in order
40、 to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even cure diseases. These plants were the first drugs. Now plants are still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug used
41、 to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains. The Indians of that region were the first to use the bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the early 16
42、00s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hormones and vaccines, are obtained from animals. But most of the modern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. Most
43、people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredients. People use drugs to get different results. Some drugs attack the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other drug
44、s relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most over-the-counter drugs. People can get them in drug stores. （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The development of modern
45、drugs.B.How to make drugs.C.How to use drugs safely.D.The development of drugs.(2).It seems to the author that the medicine used by early people_.（分数：-0.20）A.was of no real valueB.was probably effectiveC.was easy to makeD.did more harm than good(3).Concerning the drug quinine, which of the following
46、 is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Originally, quinine was made from some tree bark.B.Quinine is used to cure malaria.C.Now, the cinchona tree is no longer the only source of quinine.D.It was the Spanish people who first used quinine as a medicine.(4).It is implied in the passage that most drugs can be_.（分数：-
47、0.20）A.manufactured artificiallyB.got from animal sourcesC.found naturally in plantsD.made from tree bark(5).The “over-the-counter drugs“ are those that _.（分数：-0.20）A.patients can get without doctors prescriptionsB.can relieve the symptoms of a diseaseC.attack the organism that causes a diseaseD.ten
48、d to be complex and powerful synthetic drugsEuthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode a
49、sking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country
