1、职称英语(综合类)21 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish2.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.（分数：-1.00）A.triesB.decidesC.promisesD.refuses.3.Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours re
2、ading.（分数：-1.00）A.sit upB.sit inC.sit onD.sit through4.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge5.The trade union leaders had been urged to make a (concession) by the protesters.（分数：-1.00）A.apologyB.permissionC.substitutionD.compromise6.The earthquake has caused s
3、erious (damage) to this city.（分数：-1.00）A.destructionB.hurtC.injuryD.wound7.Peter was an (energetic) and athletic youth.（分数：-1.00）A.alertB.awkwardC.activeD.skillful8.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.（分数：-1.00）A.carelessB.intentionalC.humiliatingD.serious9.The project for developing local industr
4、ies was (evaluated) for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.（分数：-1.00）A.assessedB.comparedC.measuredD.weighed10.The price is (somewhat) higher than I expected.（分数：-1.00）A.to some degreeB.at some timeC.in some casesD.for some reason11.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered
5、by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.（分数：-1.00）A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.intentionallyD.thoroughly12.Why didnt you (show up) at the meeting yesterday?（分数：-1.00）A.comeB.presentC.turn upD.show around13.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：
6、-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangeredD.interested14.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick15.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupationNurses The physicians in a ho
7、spital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers. From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as
8、 they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. The nursing staff in a
9、 hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurses, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick persons. Under the
10、supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换) their shifts. Some
11、 take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations , but it is especially true in the intensive care uni
12、t. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. （分数：-0.98）(1).The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
13、mentioned(2).The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A nurse is not qualified if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Nurses often earn as much
14、 money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Nursing services in a hospital are generally available around the clock.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The nurses station is the only place where nurses in a hospital w
15、ard can be found.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedResistance to Malaria 1. “Our job“, said the health officer, “is to spray the walls of every house in every
16、 town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico“. You may be surprised to learn that there are about ninety-nine thousand separate villages and towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses deep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say t
17、hat most of these localities lie within districts warm enough for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to live in and spread the disease. That means that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once or twice a year for five years.“ 2. “We have studied everything very carefully“ , th
18、e officer continued. “Our advance guards have drawn maps of some forty thousand parts of the country for use by the spray teams. Each house in the malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nations has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of
19、the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach by car. Half of our spray teams go on horseback or by boat.“ 3. “The malaria programme has been popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy has offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the mo
20、vement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education has printed sheets in Spanish and the more widely spoken Indian languages to explain how malaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the churches of many communities to explain the programme.“ 4. Resistance is a problem. It w
21、as in the United States that such resistance to sprays was first proved. Since then many other insects have developed resistance to poisons. Take the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off. For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly. 5. What worr
22、ies the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes may become resistant. Already resistance to some of the sprays has appeared in parts of the world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays. A. What worries us? B. What we have done? C. Whats our job? D. More and more people joined
23、 us. E. It will be a hard work. F. Whats the problem? （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Education Department support the malaria programme by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).D. D. T. is a k
24、ind of poisons which could_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).It takes _ to finish all the projects.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).Carrying out such a programme in Mexico needs_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Vegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection
25、to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad whe
26、n the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids“, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal foo
27、d in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much
28、cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with
29、. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A
30、 lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it mo
31、re digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-solube vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking. （分数：-1.00）(1).A vegetarian is a person who_.（分数：-0.20）A.eats the meat of animals onlyB.
32、eats the vegetable onlyC.drinks milk onlyD.eat nothing at all(2).Compared with vegetable food animal food contains_.（分数：-0.20）A.more proteinsB.more nutrientsC.more mineralsD.more amino-acids(3).The underlined word “lacto-vegetarian“ (in Para. 4) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.very strict vegetarianB.false-veget
33、arianC.not strict vegetarianD.non-vegetarian(4).From the passage, we know that_.（分数：-0.20）A.to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetable food than animal foodB.cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestibleC.milk is the best source of usable animal proteinD.the most common
34、 deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins(5).Which of the following is best reflected the authors attitude?（分数：-0.20）A.Vegetarianism is not good for ones health.B.Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.C.One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.D.A lacto
35、-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.Communication Problems After 20 years of research, my colleagues and I have discovered that all communication involves our bodies, sometimes profoundly. While we speak with words, we also speak with every fiber of our being. This “langua
36、ge of the heart“ is integral to the health and emotional life of all of us. We found that even a pleasant chat about the weather can affect the cardiovascular (心血管性的) system , particularly blood pressure. The traditional way of taking blood pressurewith a stethoscope (听诊器)meant that the patient had
37、to keep silent, and this silence prevented clinicians from discovering the link between communication and blood pressure. The breakthrough in our studies occurred in 1977, when we met Ed, a typical hypertensive patient who came to the University of Marylands Psychophysiology Center for treatment. We
38、 hooked up Ed to a new com?puter that could continuously monitor blood pressure. We found that his pressure immediately increased every time he spoke, even if he was discussing the most neutral topic. What was more surprising was that Ed was unaware of these changes. This finding so intrigued us we
39、began testing others. The results were the same. Blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly whenever people talked. We asked students to read aloud from a bland(乏味的)text. Their blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly every time. We tested 38 deaf-mute volunteers. When these people signed, their b
40、lood pressure also increased. This confirmed our suspicion that it was the act of communication, not just talking, that led to these changes. Most normal talk is a seesaw (一上一下的动作). The rising of blood pressure when one talks is balanced by a rapid lowering of pressure when one listens. But the rhyt
41、hm is out of synclinal hypertensives. They fluently fail to listen; they are on guard, defensive. So their pressure stays up. The benefits of listening are seen in the “orienting reflex,“ discovered by Pavlov. When a dog hears a sound or sees movement, it will stop all activity and cock its head. An
42、other Russian scientist, E.N. Soklor, noticed that the dogs heart rate slows. A similar response occurs in people tooand it lowers blood activities: reading out loud, staring at a blank wall and watching fish in a tank. Blood pressure washing test when the people spoke. But it was lowest when they w
43、atched the fish, rather than when they simply sat and relaxed. Whether watching fish or listening to another person, attending calmly to the world outside yourself helps lower blood pressure. When I got hypertensives to listen undefensively, their blood pressure often fell dramatically. Why do some
44、people find talking so stressful, and listening so difficult? I tested some healthy newborns. When they cried, their blood pressure often doubled. We began thinking about pressure surges in hypertensives as similar to the changes when a baby cries. Though calm on the surface while talking, their bod
45、ies are screaming to be heard. For these people, communication becomes a desperate but hidden struggle. Inside their adult bodies is a baby crying, terrified because no one can hear it. So how can we enjoy conversation yet keep blood pressure down? By listening more, by breathing regularly while tal
46、king, by alternating between talking and paying attention to what the other person is saying. But what can hypertensives do? Treatments that teach them to focus on their relationship and how to communicate in a relaxed way can be a start toward health. We can understand and cope with illness only wh
47、en we view ourselves as part of a complex world beyond the confines of our own individual skin. The response of our hearts, blood vessels and muscles when we communicate with spouse, children, friends and colleagues is as vital to our cardiovascular health as is exercise or diet. （分数：-1.00）(1).The r
48、eason why the author and his colleagues got the breakthrough in their studies in 1977 was that_.（分数：-0.20）A.they never had a typical hypertensive patient like Ed before 1977B.a typical hypertensive patient like Ed was hard to get for medical studiesC.they could continuously monitor Eds blood pressur
49、eD.Ed was unaware of the changes in his blood pressure(2).In the ninth paragraph, the sentence “They frequently failed to listen“ means_.（分数：-0.20）A.they failed to attend calmly to others.B.they were too absent-minded to catch what others said.C.they dominated the conversation and simply didnt listen to others.D.their high blood pressure prevented them from understanding others.(3).In order to reduce blood-pressure changes in communications, the hypertensive patients_.（分数：-0.20）A.should learn to communicate i
