1、职称英语(综合类)20 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Excuse me for (troubling) you with such a small matter.（分数：-1.00）A.interruptingB.botheringC.questioningD.telling2.Large areas of Alaskan land remain (desolate) due to harsh climate.（分数：-1.00）A.barrenB.immatureC.inaccessibleD.passionate3.Dont (hesitate) to le
2、t me know if there is anything I can do for you.（分数：-1.00）A.pauseB.refuseC.rejectD.wait4.During the United States Civil war, many people in the south were forced to (flee) their home.（分数：-1.00）A.pay taxes onB.run away fromC.rebuildD.return to5.He has (thought out) the best way of saving oil for your
3、 car.（分数：-1.00）A.consideredB.decidedC.devotedD.devised6.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary7.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangeredD.interested8.At the conference, the speaker tried to (ex
4、press) his feelings concerning the urgency of favorable decisions.（分数：-1.00）A.conveyB.affectC.impose onD.summon9.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.（分数：-1.00）A.consultedB.arguedC.examinedD.forgot10.When he arrived home, he (deposited) his coat on the floor.（分数：-1.00）A.keptB.l
5、ocatedC.storedD.placed11.In violin making, the (choice) of the wood is crucial.（分数：-1.00）A.selectionB.grainC.resonanceD.shape12.Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard to (detect).（分数：-1.00）A.explainB.uncoverC.discoverD.ignore13.He appeared to be (absorbed in) the s
6、ports news on TV.（分数：-1.00）A.entertained inB.listened toC.concentrating uponD.worried about14.Glassmaking was the first (major) industry in the United States.（分数：-1.00）A.productiveB.profitableC.specializedD.sizable15.We can (utilize) water for producing electric power.（分数：-1.00）A.employB.embraceC.em
7、ergeD.emphasizeInterferon For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素),a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no
8、negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cann
9、ot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so potent that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. U
10、nlike antibiotics(抗菌素), interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Stra
11、nder, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who had undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional treatments and the other half were given in
12、terferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who had received the conventional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is no
13、w underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. （分数：-0.98）(1).Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The effect interferon has on infection is th
14、at it keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Interferon is produced by infecting viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drug.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Interferon has not been widely used because it is still very dangerous.（分数：-0.14）A.Righ
15、tB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The result of Dr. Stranders experiments with interferon is that 70 percent among patients who were treated with interferon survived.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).21 Interferon causes healthy cells to grow.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Interferon h
16、as serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedResistance to Malaria 1. “Our job“, said the health officer, “is to spray the walls of every house in every town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico“. You may be surprised to learn that there are about
17、ninety-nine thousand separate villages and towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses deep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say that most of these localities lie within districts warm enough for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to l
18、ive in and spread the disease. That means that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once or twice a year for five years.“ 2. “We have studied everything very carefully“ , the officer continued. “Our advance guards have drawn maps of some forty thousand parts of the country f
19、or use by the spray teams. Each house in the malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nations has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach by car. Half of our spray teams go on horseback or
20、 by boat.“ 3. “The malaria programme has been popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy has offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the movement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education has printed sheets in Spanish and the more widel
21、y spoken Indian languages to explain how malaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the churches of many communities to explain the programme.“ 4. Resistance is a problem. It was in the United States that such resistance to sprays was first proved. Since then many other insects
22、 have developed resistance to poisons. Take the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off. For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly. 5. What worries the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes may become resistant. Already resistance to some
23、of the sprays has appeared in parts of the world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays. A. What worries us? B. What we have done? C. Whats our job? D. More and more people joined us. E. It will be a hard work. F. Whats the problem? （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).P
24、aragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Education Department support the malaria programme by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).D. D. T. is a kind of poisons which could_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).It takes _ to finish all the projects.（分数：-0.13）A.B.
25、C.D.E.(8).Carrying out such a programme in Mexico needs_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Male and Female pilots cause accidents differently Male pilots flying general aviation(private)aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision, making, while female pilots are more
26、 likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error i
27、nvolved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the B
28、loomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established, contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.“ The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project
29、on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot cert
30、ificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, lead
31、ing to 59 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. The majority of the crashes 95 percent
32、for females and 88 percent for males involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females(accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more li
33、kely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male co
34、unterparts. inattention /n.疏忽 aviation /n. 航空 flawed /adj.有缺陷的 mishandle /v. 瞎弄，乱处理 MPH ( Master of Public Health) 公共卫生硕士 gender /n.性，性别 run out 耗尽，用完 stall v. (飞机)失速, (发动机)熄火 kinetics /n. 动力学 （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?（分数：-0.20）A.Causes of aircraft crash.B
35、.Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.C.Causes of mishandling aircraft.D.Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States.(2).Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?（分数：-0.20）A.Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source
36、of aviation accidents in the United States.B.Male pilots, like male vehicle drivers, are more likely to have accidents than female pilots.C.It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.D.Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differen
37、ces in the reasons for aircraft crash.(3).How did the researchers carry out their study?（分数：-0.20）A.They studied the findings of several previous research projects.B.They conduced a questionnaire with 411 pilots.C.They collected data from the database at the Johns Hopkins UniversityD.They analyzed t
38、he circumstances of the crashes involved.(4).What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?（分数：-0.20）A.Mechanical failure and running out of fuel.B.Loss of control On landing or takeoff and stalling.C.Loss of control on landing or takeoff and running out of fuel.D.Stalling and lan
39、ding with the gear up.(5).In the comparison of female and male pilots, _.（分数：-0.20）A.female pilots are found to be more courageous and risk-taking.B.male pilots are found to be more professional and attentive.C.female pilots are found to make more errors out of carelessness.D.male pilots are found t
40、o make more errors in decision-making.Suburb If “suburb“ is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city, in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the cit
41、y was a small, highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot, and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories, built in the 1830s and 1840s, were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people draw
42、n by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses around the older, main cities. As a defence against this encroachment, and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854 for exam
43、ple, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial gro
44、wth come acute, urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscross
45、ed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban middle class, whose desires for homeownershi
46、p in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developing of single-family housing tracts. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the text?（分数：-0.20）A.The Growth of Philadelphia.B.The Origin of the Suburb.C.The Development of City Transportation.D.The Rise
47、 of the Urban Middle Class.(2).The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during the period of_.（分数：-0.20）A.industrializationB.inflationC.revitalizationD.unionization(3).In the passage, the word “encroachment“ refers to which of the following?（分数：-0.20）A.The smell of the factorie
48、s.B.The growth of mill towns.C.The development of waterways.D.The loss of jobs.(4).It can be inferred from the text that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by_.（分数：-0.20）A.automobileB.cartC.horse-drawn trolleyD.electric streetcar(5).Where in the text does the author describe the cities as
49、 they were prior to suburbanization?（分数：-0.20）A.Lines 3-5.B.Lines 9-10.C.Lines 13-15.D.Lines 18-20.Premature Smoking: A Serious Problem The third report on smoking and health from the Royal College of Physicians, which was published this month, contains important new sections on the smoking habits of children and the possible effect, on their future health. These include a twenty fold in the increase in the risk of lung cancer in heavy smokers and an increase of about three and a half times in the risk of dying from coronary(冠状的) he
