1、职称英语(综合类)18 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The farmers worried about the (lack) of rain.（分数：-1.00）A.shortageB.driftC.woeD.burden2.All the people were greatly surprised by this (sudden) decision.（分数：-1.00）A.abruptB.roughC.violentD.silly3.She (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck.（分数：-1.00）A
2、.tookB.boughtC.showedD.made4.The local (authorities) will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.（分数：-1.00）A.controlB.learningC.powerD.government5.A visit to the Computer Center has (aroused) the students interest in computer science.（分数：-1.00）A.alarmedB.disturbedC.stimulatedD.increa
3、sed6.Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours reading.（分数：-1.00）A.sit upB.sit inC.sit onD.sit through7.The football game (started) at 2:30.（分数：-1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.happened8.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level9.The workers finally (called o
4、ff) the strike.（分数：-1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in10.Starfish (cling to) stones by the suction of their innumerable tube feet.（分数：-1.00）A.attractB.destroyC.swim over toD.hold fast to11.The (course) of the Korean War was bitter, bloody and frustrating.（分数：-1.00）A.battleB.durationC.
5、outcomeD.whole12.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick13.Though friends for many years, the two lawyers (ended up) as enemies.（分数：-1.00）A.turned outB.gave inC.got rid ofD.put an end at14.In some cultures people who were
6、thought to have the ability to (explain) dreams were likely to be highly respected.（分数：-1.00）A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impact15.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.（分数：-1.00）A.learnsB.teachesC.understandsD.investigates .The Attitude For Computers As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a differen
7、t era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to l
8、earn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complete, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In
9、another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a par
10、t of the equipment for survival. Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simul
11、taneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times ev
12、ery eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new
13、 species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon. （分数：-0.98）(1).Dr
14、. Samuel Johson disapproved of ladies to preach.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of growth of reasoning power.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).In terms of making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer be
15、cause in the long procedures of evolution the slow pace of life didnt require such an ability of the human brain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).When he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesnt mean that human beings have lost control of computers.（分数：-0.14）
16、A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer
17、from a man.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count, or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, th
18、ere are more than 226 million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People eating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People hold
19、ing on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or hi
20、storic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different countries and different races have different manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes beco
21、me very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always
22、appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. A. Population B. Over Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(
23、4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).In China a guest leaves a little of his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a hurry, and many visitors_.（分数：-
24、0.13）A.B.C.D.Cigars Instead? Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) si
25、xfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The h
26、ealth effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “ Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines “This article provides clear and invaluable info
27、rmation about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. “The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are as
28、sociated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,“ he added. “ In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. “ “To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advices is dont. To those currentl
29、y smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks,“ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “. a significant body o
30、f evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. “ （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.（分数：-0.20）A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C.increases the risk
31、 of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D.gready increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?（分数：-0.20）A.SixB.SevenC.EightD.Nine(3).What is the main idea of the article“ Cigars: Health Effects and Trend
32、s“ ?（分数：-0.20）A.When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B.Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C.cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D.Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.(4).What is the doctors advice to tho
33、se cigar-smokers?（分数：-0.20）A.To give it up completelyB.To give up part of it.C.Not to think about it any more.D.to cure the diseases first.(5).In the context of this passage, “ secondhand smoke“ may mean_.（分数：-0.20）A.smoking bad-quality cigars.B.smoking very cheap cigars.C.being very cigar smokers w
34、hen they are not smoking.D.being very near cigar smokers when they are smoking.Natural Health Care Natural health care is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness. It recognizes the unity of all life and
35、holds that physical, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right livingdeveloping self-esteem and a positive attitude towar
36、ds life; eating fresh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plenty of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learning to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normal
37、as simple as living in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum (连续统一体)the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness and in health. Healing (康复) is a biological processexcept in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its
38、 own behalf. The tradition of natural health care: The traditional principles of natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural Hygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and s
39、trength only upon a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of those laws that operate to make human life possible. All laws essential to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution. Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in
40、 harmony with his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can have any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welfare. If it is not closely related to mans highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot be consistent with his highest ideals of truth, d
41、uty and enjoyment. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, physical, mental, and emotional health are_.（分数：-0.20）A.closely linkedB.completely unrelatedC.pretty much the sameD.quite unimportant(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of right living?（分数：-0.20）A.Taking a positive atti
42、tude towards life.B.Learning to give in.C.Sleeping as much as possible.D.Exercising regularly.(3).In view of the basic principles of natural health care, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Health means living in harmony with nature.B.Healing is a biological process.C.The same
43、physiological laws govern the body in sickness and in health.D.There is no difference between health and disease.(4).In Sheltons eyes, trying to convince intelligent people that man can return to health only on a basis of natural law_.（分数：-0.20）A.may prove difficultB.is impossibleC.will need a great
44、 deal of argumentD.should be easy(5).No rule of human conduct can be considered important in promoting the welfare of man unless_.（分数：-0.20）A.it has been turned into a lawB.it is in harmony with his natureC.it has nothing to do with his highest fitnessD.it disagrees with his highest idealsCancer The
45、 popular TV variety-show host was grim but calm. He faced the cameras and said bluntly: “I have cancer.“ Masataka Itsumis disclosure may be the latest sign that the shame associated with cancer is finally breaking down in a country where, unlike the United Sates, the topic has traditionally been tab
46、oo. Cancer is the countrys No.1 killer, chaining more than 230,000 lives a year. Despite the number of people affected, the subject has long been concealed in secrecy and silence. As a rule, Japanese are reluctant to tell anyone other than family if they have cancer. And doctors often lie to patient
47、s about a cancer diagnosis, fearing they would be depressed and weakened by the truth. Polls indicate that most people would prefer to be told if they have cancer. But health authorities have estimated as few as one in five cancer patients is given a truthful diagnosis. “The patient is very afraid t
48、o hear of having cancer, so many doctors just dont tell,“ said one doctor. “ But if we dont tell the truth, its bad for the relationship between doctor and patient. So I think this is beginning to change“. He said he believed the intense public interest in the Itsumi case reflected pent-up curiosity
49、 and concern about the subject. There are other signs of greater openness in confronting cancer. Support groups for cancer victims, once unknown, have sprung up. The plot of a recent film revolved around a man with cancer. An unusually powerful television advertisement, appealing for bone-marrow donations, features a young woman who has since died of leukemia. But secrecy about cancer is still common. In Japan, serious illness is considered embarrassing. People worry about causing suffering and expense for thei
