1、职称英语(综合类)15 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge2.Eating too much fat can (lead to) heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（分数：-1.00）A.attribute toB.attend toC.contribute toD.devote to3.Dont (hesitate) to let me know if ther
2、e is anything I can do for you.（分数：-1.00）A.pauseB.refuseC.rejectD.wait4.The machine must be operated (by hand). It isnt automatic.（分数：-1.00）A.mentallyB.annuallyC.manuallyD.heavily5.The price is (somewhat) higher than I expected.（分数：-1.00）A.to some degreeB.at some timeC.in some casesD.for some reason
3、6.Alex knew that he must (breathe) nothing of this to Nancy.（分数：-1.00）A.believeB.talkC.secretD.tell7.The planned general strike represents a (vital) economic challenge to the government.（分数：-1.00）A.quickB.importantC.specificD.tribal8.The kinds of the oil use (affect) your health.（分数：-1.00）A.causeB.f
4、ancyC.influenceD.increase9.We were so greatly (attracted) by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.（分数：-1.00）A.fascinatedB.disturbedC.fooledD.surprised10.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.（分数：-1.00
5、）A.additionalB.efficientC.excessiveD.adequate11.After the whole days march, they are too (fatigue) to walk any more.（分数：-1.00）A.hungryB.sleepyC.thirstyD.tired12.Helen will leave (immediately).（分数：-1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon13.He had been (forced) to give up much of his time to hou
6、sework.（分数：-1.00）A.compelledB.demandedC.determinedD.required14.My nephew said that Dickens was his (best loved) writer and that he had read nearly all of his novels.（分数：-1.00）A.famousB.popularC.favorableD.favorite15.While they were away on vocation, they allowed their mail to (be accumulated) at the
7、 post office.（分数：-1.00）A.be decreasedB.be deliveredC.be piled upD.be returnedUnited Nations A major segment of the Untied Nations is the General Assembly, which consists of representatives from all governments that have ratified the UN Charter. As of 1995,185 states had membership in the general Ass
8、embly. Additionally, the Vatican, Switzerland, and the Palestine Liberation Organization have nonvoting observer status in the General Assembly. The General Assembly approves the UNs budget, acts with the Security Council to select the Secretary-general and judges of the International Court of Justi
9、ce, and passes resolutions on issues ranging from self-determination and colonialism to womens rights and the global distribution of wealth. The General Assembly can meet and vote on any subject, unless the Security Council is dealing with it (or at least pretending to). However, its decisions only
10、carry moral forceunlike the Councils. Theyre not binding in international laws. But the Assembly votes are an important opinion poll on how and what the majority of the world thinks about issues. “ Important questions“ need a two-thirds vote of the Assembly to pass. The question of what is an import
11、ant question isnt important. Its decided by the delegates themselvesby a simple majority. Although the General Assembly has not recognized authority to enforce its conclusions on anything other than internal UN matters, it makes its viewpoints on issues that are brought before it is known in one of
12、the three ways. A General Assembly declaration is a broad statement of general principle such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, passed in 1948. Declarations are often put forward as an expression of an ideal, in practice they are regularly ignored. A General Assembly resolution is essent
13、ially a document that recommends that member states take a particular policy action. States claim sovereignty and make their own decisions as to whether they will follow a General Assembly resolution. In some cases, however, if many states implement a particular resolution, other states that may not
14、 wish to act on the resolution may feel themselves pressured to do so anyway. At the very least, a resolution has the effect of legitimizing the policies of those states that wish to comply with the resolution. Finally, a General Assembly convention, or treaty, has two meanings. The more comprehensi
15、ve convention refers to multilateral treaties voted on by the General Assembly that, upon passage by the General Assembly, are carried back to the capitals of member states for ratification by whatever means each state uses domestically. In other cases, a General Assembly convention refers specifica
16、lly to a treaty signed between the United Nations and the government of a nation-state, as when in 1956 Egypt agreed to allow United Nations peacekeeping forces to enter Egyptian territory. （分数：-0.98）(1).The General Assembly is responsible for dealing with the international matters.（分数：-0.14）A.Right
17、B.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The Passage of important issues is decided by a two-thirds vote of the Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The General Assembly have the authority to enforce its conclusions on approving UN budget.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The General Assemb
18、ly makes its viewpoints in the General Assembly ratification.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The General Assembly presses its member states to implement its resolution.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Anan was chosen as UN Secretary-general on the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.Ri
19、ghtB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Multi-lateral treaties have to be ratified by the member state before it is passed by the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedIce Cream For Dogs 1. Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show tha
20、t two-thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to their dogs. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. “It has milk sugar in it,“ he says,“ which dogs cannot digest very well. “ 2. Bothered by that knowledge but awa
21、re of the desire of dog owners to please their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws
22、also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, and two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying
23、to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which makes the product and packages it in cups. 3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested extensively and that “dogs love it“. Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 p
24、ercent took it on the first try. Three out of four preferred it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three or four cups, costing between 6 1. 79. 4. What would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real
25、ice cream? Nothing, says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says, it wont taste very good. A. The price of Frosty Paws B. No harm to human C. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogs D. Harm to human E. Feeding ice-creams to dogs F. Attraction to dogs （分数：-1.04）(1).Para 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D
26、.E.(2).Para 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Para 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Para 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Dogs cant digest_ very well.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The ice cream for dogs is made of a liquid_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).The ice cream can be bought in_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).It is sold in packs of 3 or 4
27、_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixty years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 1955, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors pres
28、cribe today have been developed in the last 30 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in order to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even
29、cure diseases. These plants were the first drugs. Now plants are still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug used to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes
30、Mountains. The Indians of that region were the first to use the bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the early 1600s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hor
31、mones and vaccines, are obtained from animals. But most of the modern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. Most people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredi
32、ents. People use drugs to get different results. Some drugs attack the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other drugs relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most ov
33、er-the-counter drugs. People can get them in drug stores. （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The development of modern drugs.B.How to make drugs.C.How to use drugs safely.D.The development of drugs.(2).It seems to the author that the medicine used by early people_.（分数：-0
34、.20）A.was of no real valueB.was probably effectiveC.was easy to makeD.did more harm than good(3).Concerning the drug quinine, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Originally, quinine was made from some tree bark.B.Quinine is used to cure malaria.C.Now, the cinchona tree is no longer the on
35、ly source of quinine.D.It was the Spanish people who first used quinine as a medicine.(4).It is implied in the passage that most drugs can be_.（分数：-0.20）A.manufactured artificiallyB.got from animal sourcesC.found naturally in plantsD.made from tree bark(5).The “over-the-counter drugs“ are those that
36、 _.（分数：-0.20）A.patients can get without doctors prescriptionsB.can relieve the symptoms of a diseaseC.attack the organism that causes a diseaseD.tend to be complex and powerful synthetic drugsThe Development of Both HIV And Its Cure As the number of people infected (传染) with the AIDScausing HIV rose
37、 to more than 14 million worldwide and as new research showed that in the U.S. one of every 92 young men may be infected, a cure for the disease still remained an elusive(令人困惑的) dream. To help slow the spread of HIV to infants, the CDC in July called for all pregnant(怀孕的) women to be tested for the
38、virus(毒素). The recommendation (推荐) stemmed (发展) from a. study that found that the risk that an HIV-infected woman will pass the virus on to her unborn child is cut by two-thirds if the mother receives the drug azidothymidine ( AZT) during pregnancy. The year was also marked by the first official rec
39、ognition (认可)that treating HIV-infected people with a combination(结合) of antiviral(抗毒素的) drugs is superior to treating them with only AZT, a drug that had been the gold standard of treatment since the late 1980s. At an international conference in Copenhagen, a pane(专门小组)of scientists recommended tha
40、t patients with the AIDS virus receive combination therapy, although there was still no consensus (一致)on when in the course of the disease the drugs should be started. In December the FDA approved the first of a long-awaited new class of AIDS drugs, called protease inhibitors , Physicians emphasized
41、, however, that the new drug, saquinavir, is not a cure and must be taken in combination with other AIDS drugs. A glimmer(微光)of hope for a cure came when a team from the University of Washington reported in November that a new drug, PMPA, prevented monkeys from becoming infected by the monkey versio
42、n of HIV even when the virus was injected(注射) directly into the animals. The year also provided the research community (界) , with a few more clues (线索) on how to attack HIV. In June researchers found that 70% of West African women infected with a slow-acting, less easily transmitted(传播)type of the v
43、irus were protected against infection by the faster-acting type, which was most common in the West. Earlier in the year hopes for lifesaving(救命的) AIDS treatments or vaccines (痘苗) were also bolstered (支持) by an intriguing(激起好奇心的)and hotly debatedreport that at least two children who had been born inf
44、ected with the AIDS virus later became free of it. Despite the mammoth(巨大的) swath(长而宽的地带) of destruction(破坏) that AIDS has cut around the world since it first surfaced(升到水面) just 15 years ago, it took a much rarer(稀有的)and much swifter(反应快的)killer, the Ebola virus, to jolt (唤起) the public out of its
45、complacency(自满) toward the threat of emerging infectious (感染性的) diseases. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following may refer to an organization?（分数：-0.20）A.AZTB.FDAC.HIVD.AIDS(2).The CDC called on all pregnant women to be tested for HIV_.（分数：-0.20）A.because children will avoid being infected if the moth
46、er receives AZT during pregnancyB.for two-thirds of the children have been infected with HIVC.in order to prevent the spread of HIV to infantsD.for the purpose of decreasing the risk of an HIV-infected mother passing HIV to her infants(3).Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is NOT T
47、RUE?（分数：-0.20）A.There are different types of HIV in the world.B.HIV may cause AIDS.C.In the U. S. more than 1% of young men are infected by HIV.D.AIDS has done much harm to humans.(4).Compared with AIDS, Ebola virus_.（分数：-0.20）A.affects more people in the worldB.emerged much earlierC.is much more de
48、adlyD.attracts much public attention to the threat of infections diseases(5).According to the passage_.（分数：-0.20）A.most scientists believe that children born infected with the AIDS virus will get rid of it laterB.physicians emphasized that saquinavir should be taken in combination with other drugsC.
49、10% of west African women were infected with a slow-acting and less easily transmitted type of HIV virusD.researchers of the University of Washington provided a new cure for AIDSVegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reason
