1、职称英语(综合类)11 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The project for developing local industries was (evaluated) for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.（分数：-1.00）A.assessedB.comparedC.measuredD.weighed2.Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1.00）A.errorB.funct
2、ionC.attractionD.miracle3.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.（分数：-1.00）A.firstB.latestC.oldD.special4.His pronunciation is (simply) terrible.（分数：-1.00）A.merelyB.onlyC.completelyD.partly5.The doctor soon made the worried patient feel (comfortabl
3、e).（分数：-1.00）A.at easeB.in privateC.at restD.in peace6.Experiments enable young scientists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be viewed with (suspicion).（分数：-1.00）A.doubtB.beliefC.curiosityD.judgment7.He (maintained) that the opinion was wrong.（分数：-1.00）A.emphasizedB.repairedC.s
4、tuckD.helped8.The New Year is coming. We decided to give our room a (thorough) clean.（分数：-1.00）A.carefulB.completeC.realD.serious9.There is less crime now; it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.inclineC.defeatD.slope10.During the United States Civil war, many people
5、 in the south were forced to (flee) their home.（分数：-1.00）A.pay taxes onB.run away fromC.rebuildD.return to11.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive12.High pay may (enhance) productivity.（分数：-1.00）A.confirmB.improveC.determineD.supplemen
6、t13.The little girls were (commended) for their wonderful dance presentation.（分数：-1.00）A.pleasedB.respectedC.praisedD.recommended14.The government would not dare to (impose) taxes on such necessities as bread or milk.（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.forceC.occurD.charge15.The sound of the drums was (distinct) even
7、from a distance.（分数：-1.00）A.definiteB.edibleC.clearD.sharpDyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a
8、different way . One of the worlds great thinkers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized
9、in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that co
10、ntrols language is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left hand
11、ed4. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they ha
12、ve solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. （分数：-0.98）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：-0.14）A.Right
13、B.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is
14、more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have l
15、earned to handle language properly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University
16、 of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble
17、 falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that“ it mi
18、ght be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonst
19、rated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during
20、the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hour
21、s each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend le
22、ss time in bed. “ It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they11 spend a higher percentage of time awake, “he said. A. Keprikes research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of
23、 long and short sleepers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 6（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（
24、分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).One survey showed that people who habitually_ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Cigars Instead? Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers o
25、f the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition
26、, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “ Cigars: Health E
27、ffects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines “This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health conse
28、quences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. “The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung di
29、seases,“ he added. “ In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. “ “To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advices is dont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and l
30、ung disease risks,“ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “. a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. “ （分数
31、：-1.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.（分数：-0.20）A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D.gready increases the risk of more than one canc
32、er for smokers.(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?（分数：-0.20）A.SixB.SevenC.EightD.Nine(3).What is the main idea of the article“ Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“ ?（分数：-0.20）A.When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B.Cigars
33、 may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C.cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D.Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.(4).What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers?（分数：-0.20）A.To give it up completelyB.To give up part of it.C.Not to thin
34、k about it any more.D.to cure the diseases first.(5).In the context of this passage, “ secondhand smoke“ may mean_.（分数：-0.20）A.smoking bad-quality cigars.B.smoking very cheap cigars.C.being very cigar smokers when they are not smoking.D.being very near cigar smokers when they are smoking.The Gene In
35、dustry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metalhungry mi
36、crobes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water“. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnolog
37、ical field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills“ that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking ab
38、out possibilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creati
39、ng pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior“ people and breed a “ super-race“? ( Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce so
40、ldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit“ babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “ savings bank“ full of spare kidney, livers or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposer
41、s) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “ Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, a
42、utomobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.“ （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably
43、 be checked by_.（分数：-0.20）A.using metal-hungry microbes .B.making use of enzymes.C.adjusting the engine.D.patenting new life forms.(2).According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?（分数：-0.20）A.The unanticipated explosion of populationB.The creation of biological s
44、olar cells.C.The accidental spill of oil.D.The unexpected release of destructive microbes.(3).Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?（分数：-0.20）A.Developing a “ savings bank “ of ones organs.B.Breeding soldiers for a war.C.Producing people with cow-like stomachs.D.Using genetic forecasting t
45、o cure diseases.(4).According to the passage, Hitler attempted to_.（分数：-0.20）A.changed the pilots biologically to win the war.B.develop genetic farming for food supply.C.kill the people he thought of as inferior.D.encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.(5).What dose Jeremy Rifkin a
46、nd Ted Howards statement imply?（分数：-0.20）A.The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.B.American will depend on other countries for biological progress.C.Americans are proud of their countries for biological progress.D.The potential application of each new genetic advance shou
47、ld be controlled.Vegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or ani
48、mal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids“, which a
49、re found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion o
