1、职称英语(理工类)55 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The government would not dare to (impose) taxes on such necessities as bread or milk.（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.forceC.occurD.charge2.I wonder who first (conceived) the idea of cutting a hole in the door.（分数：-1.00）A.thought ofB.came onC.gave upD.handed out3.Helen will
2、 leave (immediately).（分数：-1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon4.Oh, child , how you (astonished) me I thought you were in the garden.（分数：-1.00）A.cheatedB.treatedC.surprisedD.tricked5.We can rely on James to carry out this mission for his judgement is always (sound).（分数：-1.00）A.healthyB.unmi
3、stakableC.reliableD.unquestionable6.He (maintained) that the opinion was wrong.（分数：-1.00）A.emphasizedB.repairedC.stuckD.helped7.Although you are busy, you must (allow for) your health.（分数：-1.00）A.attendB.take account ofC.put in the charge ofD.take charge of8.It was very hard to (grasp) what he actua
4、lly meant.（分数：-1.00）A.controlB.reachC.catch on toD.scope on9.He (selected) a birthday present for his daughter.（分数：-1.00）A.collectedB.composedC.choseD.found10.Dont be so (innocent) as to believe everything the politicians say.（分数：-1.00）A.ignorantB.illiterateC.simpleD.stupid11.Some insects rely on th
5、e tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to (sense) sound waves.（分数：-1.00）A.convertB.disguiseC.sendD.detect12.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.（分数：-1.00）A.carelessB.intentionalC.humiliatingD.serious13.They showed me some photos and I had to (identify) the woman that I saw coming out of the post
6、 office.（分数：-1.00）A.make outB.make inC.make upD.make for14.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish15.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.（分数：-1.00）A.firstB.latestC.oldD.specialCom
7、petition The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished
8、 from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a
9、 process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between indi
10、viduals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle fo
11、r existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the compet
12、ition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets
13、, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and proper (繁荣); the unsuccessful
14、decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. （分数：-0.98）(1).In first paragraph, the author gives the definition
15、of some terms in order to distinguish between two kinds of opposition.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that it results in war in most cases.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one
16、 another“ (Para. 1) most probably means harm each other.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict can be avoided.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question“ Why is there conflict and competitio
17、n?“（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Competition is essentially a struggle for existence.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Competition can lead to conflict.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedPeople, Customs and Habits 1. Every ten years the United States makes a complete count,
18、 or census, of its people. When the first count was made in 1790, the new nation had fewer than 4 million people, almost all living along the East Coast. Today, there are more than 226 million. 2. We moved slowly through the city and entered a slum district. The streets crowded with people. People e
19、ating, people washing, people sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People holding on to the sides of buses. People, people, people, people. 3. We have the ability to keep what we have learned in our minds so that we
20、 can call it up again for use later on. What we remember in this way may be words, figures, dates, poetry, events in our own lives and things like arithmetic or historic facts, and even skilled actions such as playing the piano or riding a bicycle. 4. Different countries and different races have dif
21、ferent manners. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very muddy, this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little, to show that he has had enough. I
22、n England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it. 5. Many visitors find the fast pace at which Americans move very troubling. They always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. A. Population B. Ov
23、er Population C. Memory D. Customs E. Rush F. Census （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The United States makes an census every _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).In China a guest leaves a little of
24、 his tea to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).In England a guest always drinks his tea up to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).American are always in a hurry, and many visitors_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.The Grand Canyon Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon(大峡谷), gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visit
25、or might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion(震动). In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and catastrophic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion. Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area co
26、ntained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years. Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau s
27、flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure, geologists refer to this bulging actions upwarding (弯曲上升) ; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that winded ac
28、ross it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers , located east of the upward, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system, called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upward, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upward, it eventually connecte
29、d with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago. Since then, the Canyon forming has been cumula
30、tive. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosions. The Canyon walls crumble, the river acquires a cutting tool. Tons of debris, rainfall running off the
31、 high plateau creates feeder streams that carreside canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues. （分数：-1.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses_.（分数：-0.20）A.patterns of erosion in different mountain rangesB.forces that made t
32、he Grand CanyonC.the increasing pollution of the Colorado RiverD.the sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon(2).The word “wound“ (Line 1 ,Para. 1 ) indicates that_.（分数：-0.20）A.it was caused by some ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to the state of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury o
33、n the Earths surfaceD.it has caused many visitors to injure themselves(3).According to the passage, how many miles long was the trench that became known as the Grand Canyon?（分数：-0.20）A.10,100.B.277.C.14.D.10.(4).It can be concluded from this passage about the Grand Canyon that_.（分数：-0.20）A.its shape
34、s are constantly changingB.it contains approximately 14 million tons of rockC.its eruptions have increased in recent yearsD.it is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants(5).The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which of the following subjects?（分数：-0.20）A.AstronomyB.Botany(植物学)C.
35、GeologyD.ChemistryAIDS AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The human immunodeficiency virus (人类免疫缺损病毒)called HIV is believed to cause AIDS. There is no cure. People who get the disease will die. AIDS itself does not kill. However, it attacks and destroys the bodys defense system that fights
36、 against infection. When this happens, a person has little ability to fight off many other diseases including pneumonia(肺炎), cancer and tuberculosis (结核病). A new study says the number of women in the United States with AIDS has increased sharply. The study says AIDS is increasing faster among women
37、than among men. Eighteen percent of AIDS patients are women. This is almost 3 times the rate 10 years ago. Most women get the AIDS virus from having sexual relations with men. Pregnant women with the disease can pass it to their babies. The effect of AIDS in America is greatest in large cities. AIDS
38、 is the leading cause of death among all people in 79 cities. It is the leading cause of death among women in 15 cities. These include New York City and Miami, Florida. Doctors in the United States first noted AIDS 14 years ago in homosexual (同性恋的)men in New York and California. In the United States
39、 AIDS spread first among homosexual men. Then it appeared in people who shared needles to put illegal drugs into their blood. It also appeared in people who had received infected blood products at hospitals. The AIDS virus is spread through the exchange of infected blood or body fluids released duri
40、ng sexual activity. It is also spread by having sexual relations with someone who has the virus. And it is spread by sharing drug needles that have infected blood on them. AIDS has affected several famous American athletes. Two years ago, former tennis player Arthur Ashe died of the disease. At abou
41、t the same time, former basketball player Magic Johnson announced that he has the AIDS virus. The most recent athlete to be affected is Gregory Louganis. Louganis won a number of gold medals in Olympic diving competition. He announced on television that he has AIDS. President Clinton met with Lougan
42、is and praised him for discussing his sickness. Mr. Clinton said it is important to educate the public. Activists have succeeded in educating Americans about AIDS and the people who have it. They also have been urging the federal government to increase efforts to find a cure for AIDS. Scientists fir
43、st identified the virus that is believed to cause AIDS in 1983. Many of them then thought they could produce an anti-AIDS vaccine(痘苗). Such a medicine could be given to people to protect against the disease. However, scientists at American government agencies, universities and drug companies have fa
44、iled to produce an anti-AIDS vaccine. But they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：-0.20）A.AIDS is the leading cause of death among young adults in American.B.Most of the new AIDS cases reported in
45、1993 were among minority population.C.There are more women than men among the AIDS patients in the United States.D.AIDS has a big effect on large cities.(2).What is not likely to happen?（分数：-0.20）A.A man with AIDS passes the disease to his wife.B.A pregnant woman with AIDS passes it to her baby.C.A
46、doctor with AIDS passes the disease to his or her patients.D.A person with AIDS passes it to another person who share needles with the former to pull illegal drugs into their blood.(3).AIDS has created some reactions in America that are mentioned in the text except that_（分数：-0.20）A.some people have
47、changed their sexual activity.B.some Americans kill people with AIDS.C.some Americans hate and fear people with AIDS.D.some Americans show sympathy for people with AIDS.(4).Why are some museums closed in a yearly event called Day without Art?（分数：-0.20）A.These museums are empty, nothing can be seen t
48、here.B.Most workers in these museums have gotten AIDS.C.They protect what is called AIDS culture.D.They honor people who have died of AIDS.(5).Have scientists produced an ant-AIDS vaccine?（分数：-0.20）A.Yes, they did in 1981 .B.Yes, they did in 1983.C.No. And they have given up the effort.D.Not yet, bu
49、t they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure.The Asian Flu Virus In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu“ or as “bad cold“. He took specimens from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the virus of this influenza. There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital th
