1、职称英语(理工类)51 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.After the whole days march, they are too (fatigue) to walk any more.（分数：-1.00）A.hungryB.sleepyC.thirstyD.tired2.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.（分数：-1.00）A.consultedB.arguedC.examinedD.forgot3.The college offers courses in a variet
2、y of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupation4.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary5.A seismograph is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the ground.（分数：-1.00）A.elementB.telescopeC.vehicleD.instrument6.We can rely on James to carry out thi
3、s mission for his judgement is always (sound).（分数：-1.00）A.healthyB.unmistakableC.reliableD.unquestionable7.It is necessary to make a(n) (abstract) while writing a report.（分数：-1.00）A.summaryB.analysisC.discussionD.index8.A visit to the Computer Center has (aroused) the students interest in computer s
4、cience.（分数：-1.00）A.alarmedB.disturbedC.stimulatedD.increased9.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level10.High pay may (enhance) productivity.（分数：-1.00）A.confirmB.improveC.determineD.supplement11.People from many countries were (drawn) to the United States by th
5、e growing cities and industries.（分数：-1.00）A.draftedB.orderedC.transportedD.attracted12.It is difficult to understand this kind of (complicated) calculation.（分数：-1.00）A.contemporaryB.complexC.mobileD.varied13.The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.slowB.noisyC.
6、suddenD.jumpy14.The judge (suspected) the truth of the evidence provided by the witness.（分数：-1.00）A.believedB.guessedC.doubtedD.realized15.He often (finds fault with) my work.（分数：-1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talks aboutAnother Area of English Language Consider now another area of our lang
7、uage. English has a large number of nouns which appear to be neutral with regard to sex, but actually are covertly masculine. Although the dictionary may define poet as one who writes poetry, a woman who writes poetry appears so anomalous or threatening to some,that they use the special term poetess
8、 to refer to her. There is no corresponding term to call attention to the sex of a man who writes poetry, but then we find nothing remarkable in the fact that poetry is written by men. Of course, if a woman is sufficiently meritorious, we may forgive her sex and refer to her as a poet after all, or,
9、 wishing to keep the important fact of her sex in our consciousness, we may call her a woman poet. However, to balance the possible reward of having her sex overlooked, there remains the possibility of more extreme punishment, we may judge her work so harshly that she will be labelled a lady poet. O
10、nce again, the moral is clear, people who write poetry are assumed to be men until proven otherwise, and people identified as women who write poetry are assumed to be less competent than sexually unidentified (i.e., presumably male) people who write poetry. If the phenomenon we have been discussing
11、were limited to poetry, we might not regard it as very significant , after all, our society tends to regard poets as some what odd anyway. But, in fact, it is wide spread in the language. There is a general tendency to label the exception, which in most cases turns out to be women. Many words with f
12、eminine suffixes, such as farmerette, authoress, and aviatrix, have such a clear trivializing effect, that there has been a trend away from their use and a preference for woman author and the like. The feminines of many ethnic terms, such as Negress and Jewess, are considered particularly objectiona
13、ble. Other words, such as actress and waitress, seem to have escaped the negative connotations and remain in use. However, we note that waiters often work in more expensive establishments than do waitresses, that actresses belong to“ Actors Equity, “and that women participants in theatrical groups h
14、ave begun to refer to themselves as “actors.“ on rare occasions, this presumption of maleness in terms which should be sexually neutral, works to womens advantage. If someone is called a bastard, either as a general term of abuse, or as a statement of the lack of legal marital ties between that pers
15、ons parents, we assume that person is a male. While an illegitimate child may be of either sex, only men are bastard in common usage. Although the dictionary seems to regard this as a sex-neutral term, a recent dictionary of slang gives the term bastard a definition as a “female bastard.“ （分数：-0.98）
16、(1).The word “anomalous“ means ridiculous.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).This passage is from a chapter called “Of Girls and Clicks“. From the middle part of the chapter we can know this.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).If a poem is written by a poetess, we tend to judge it fav
17、orably.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The main idea of the passage is that the seemingly neutral English is actually masculine.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The authors tone can best be described as generally objective, but also somewhat negative.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.No
18、t Mentioned(6).Woman poet is treated differently from man poet.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).The author is sneering and nasty to some peoples occupations.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedMedicine 1. Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on
19、 knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients. 2. The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill indiv
20、iduals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and
21、nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease. 3. Human beings have suffered from illnesses since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body wor
22、ks or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. 4. However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result
23、 of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition, sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. 5. As medicine has become more
24、scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illnesses. Today , doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead. They head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers, and
25、many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countries. A. In ancient tribes, treatment was executed by witch doctors and based largely on superstition.
26、 B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of disease C. The goals of medicine involve life rescuing, pain reducing, and dignity maintaining D. Control of infectious diseases is given as a reason for a longer a life
27、 E. School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical work F. Medical care is now provided for patients in hospitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and laboratory workers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph
28、 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).Doctors are skillful in dealing with patients just as_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Doctors apply the knowledge gained through_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).Medical progress, improved health care, and better living conditions have ensured_.（分数：-0.13）A.B
29、.C.D.(8).With the development of the medicine, clinics and hospitals have become _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.Cancer The popular TV variety-show host was grim but calm. He faced the cameras and said bluntly: “I have cancer.“ Masataka Itsumis disclosure may be the latest sign that the shame associated with
30、cancer is finally breaking down in a country where, unlike the United Sates, the topic has traditionally been taboo. Cancer is the countrys No.1 killer, chaining more than 230,000 lives a year. Despite the number of people affected, the subject has long been concealed in secrecy and silence. As a ru
31、le, Japanese are reluctant to tell anyone other than family if they have cancer. And doctors often lie to patients about a cancer diagnosis, fearing they would be depressed and weakened by the truth. Polls indicate that most people would prefer to be told if they have cancer. But health authorities
32、have estimated as few as one in five cancer patients is given a truthful diagnosis. “The patient is very afraid to hear of having cancer, so many doctors just dont tell,“ said one doctor. “ But if we dont tell the truth, its bad for the relationship between doctor and patient. So I think this is beg
33、inning to change“. He said he believed the intense public interest in the Itsumi case reflected pent-up curiosity and concern about the subject. There are other signs of greater openness in confronting cancer. Support groups for cancer victims, once unknown, have sprung up. The plot of a recent film
34、 revolved around a man with cancer. An unusually powerful television advertisement, appealing for bone-marrow donations, features a young woman who has since died of leukemia. But secrecy about cancer is still common. In Japan, serious illness is considered embarrassing. People worry about causing s
35、uffering and expense for their families, or discomforting their colleagues. Itsumi, in fact, began his news conference by apologizing. Other factors contribute to the taboo on talk about cancer. There is a cultural tendency toward restraint on discussing personal matters and stoicism in facing probl
36、ems. Even if patients sense something is very wrong despite a good diagnosis, most do not press their doctors or seek a second opinion. Doctors are granted deep respect in a society that discourages questioning authority. （分数：-1.00）(1).The passage implies that_.（分数：-0.20）A.in the United States, peop
37、le openly talk about cancerB.in the Unites States, cancer is a forbidden topicC.cancer is not as wide spread in the U. S. as in JapanD.cancer is the No. 1 killer in the U. S.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：-0.20）A.secrecy about cancer will continue to be commonB.the patient with ca
38、ncer and his or her family will be grateful to the doctor who does not tell the truthC.the true condition of the patient with cancer tends to be revealedD.doctors are so respected that what they say will increasingly be believed(3).Masataka Itsumi began his news conference by apologizing, because_.（
39、分数：-0.20）A.it is his own fault that he has cancerB.his announcement might cause discomfort to his audienceC.having cancer is wrongD.its his familys fault that he has cancer(4).When doctors lie to patients about a cancer diagnosis, they believe that_.（分数：-0.20）A.patients have a right to know the trut
40、hB.patients can take care of themselvesC.they are stronger than the patientsD.they need to protect the patients from the unkind truth(5).Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese?（分数：-0.20）A.They are free to discuss personal matters.B.They seldom question authority.C.They prefer to be told
41、if they have cancer.D.They consider serious illness embarrassing.Is This A Senseless Notion? “There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they are 18 , and the truth is far from that,“ sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin says. Today, unexpected numbers
42、of young adults are living with their parents. “ There is a major shift in the middle class,“ declares sociologist Allan Schnailberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back after an absence of eight months. Analysis cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage ag
43、e is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are making economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from home college educ
44、ation has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by the skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed. “It
45、s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home. “But sharing the family requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves
46、too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been returned home three times and left three times. “ What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,“ she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends houses. “ Just how long should
47、 adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “ a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure. “ And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and pers
48、onal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can worked beneficially. （分数：-1.00）(1).There was apparently a trend in the U. S. _.（分数：-0.20）A.for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB.for middle class young adults to stay with
49、their parentsC.for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD.for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents(2).Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest?（分数：-0.20）A.Young adults find housing costs too high.B.Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immature.C.Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.D.Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.(3).One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay
