1、职称英语(理工类)50 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smart) one.（分数：-1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave2.The farmers worried about the (lack) of rain.（分数：-1.00）A.shortageB.driftC.woeD.burden3.We can rely on James to carry out this mission fo
2、r his judgement is always (sound).（分数：-1.00）A.healthyB.unmistakableC.reliableD.unquestionable4.If the population keeps on growing, there will eventually not be enough resources left to (support) life on the earth.（分数：-1.00）A.detainB.continueC.containD.maintain5.The boss put great (stress) on the wor
3、kers so that they could work harder.（分数：-1.00）A.angerB.controlC.pressureD.nerve6.The price is (somewhat) higher than I expected.（分数：-1.00）A.to some degreeB.at some timeC.in some casesD.for some reason7.The policeman (cautioned) us about the icy roads after the heavy snowfall last night.（分数：-1.00）A.i
4、nformedB.remindC.describedD.alerted8.Navajo Indians create sand paintings by arranging grains of sand, ground-up minerals, and seeds of various colors into (designs).（分数：-1.00）A.mapsB.ritualsC.patternsD.rows9.His pronunciation is (simply) terrible.（分数：-1.00）A.merelyB.onlyC.completelyD.partly10.Pleas
5、e let me know if any problems (arise).（分数：-1.00）A.becomeB.occurC.comeD.find11.Color changes in chameleons (seem) to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimuli.（分数：-1.00）A.haveB.appearC.oughtD.used12.John has always remained (loyal) to his family and friends.（分数：-1.00
6、）A.friendlyB.faithfulC.hostileD.kind13.I dont see how Jack (put up with) his wife.（分数：-1.00）A.tolerateB.acceptC.leaveD.receive14.Please (check) your bill before you leave the shop and make sure that it is correct.（分数：-1.00）A.pay offB.go overC.look upD.find out15.Being colleagues for ten years, they
7、have become (intimate) friends.（分数：-1.00）A.closeB.newC.kindD.closelyInterferon For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素),a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infection
8、s, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species specific protein,
9、 the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so potent that the amo
10、unt given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics(抗菌素), interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interfer
11、on has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who had undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given con
12、ventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who had received the conventional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale p
13、roject supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. （分数：-0.98）(1).Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Ment
14、ioned(2).The effect interferon has on infection is that it keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Interferon is produced by infecting viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drug.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Interferon has not been widely use
15、d because it is still very dangerous.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The result of Dr. Stranders experiments with interferon is that 70 percent among patients who were treated with interferon survived.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).21 Interferon causes healthy cells to grow.（分
16、数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Interferon has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon al
17、ways made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“ courses have a “pacing“some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he
18、is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or
19、 you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this “lightni
20、ng speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5. Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while par
21、agraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A. The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Your Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F. Hints
22、for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-0.13）A
23、.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.The Gene Industry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new bio
24、logy. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metalhungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water“. They have al
25、ready demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills“ that could sp
26、read disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like st
27、omachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monoto
28、nous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior“ people and breed a “ super-race“? ( Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit“ b
29、abies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “ savings bank“ full of spare kidney, livers or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two c
30、ritics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “ Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic adv
31、ance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.“ （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by_.（分数：-0.20）A.using metal-hungry microbes .B.making use of enzymes.C.adju
32、sting the engine.D.patenting new life forms.(2).According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?（分数：-0.20）A.The unanticipated explosion of populationB.The creation of biological solar cells.C.The accidental spill of oil.D.The unexpected release of destructive microb
33、es.(3).Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?（分数：-0.20）A.Developing a “ savings bank “ of ones organs.B.Breeding soldiers for a war.C.Producing people with cow-like stomachs.D.Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.(4).According to the passage, Hitler attempted to_.（分数：-0.20）A.changed
34、the pilots biologically to win the war.B.develop genetic farming for food supply.C.kill the people he thought of as inferior.D.encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.(5).What dose Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howards statement imply?（分数：-0.20）A.The commercial applications of genetic engin
35、eering are inevitable.B.American will depend on other countries for biological progress.C.Americans are proud of their countries for biological progress.D.The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.Natural Health Care Natural health care is a philosophy and a set of p
36、rinciples and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness. It recognizes the unity of all life and holds that physical, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts
37、 of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right livingdeveloping self-esteem and a positive attitude towards life; eating fresh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plenty of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learnin
38、g to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normalas simple as living in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum (连续统一体)the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness a
39、nd in health. Healing (康复) is a biological processexcept in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its own behalf. The tradition of natural health care: The traditional principles of natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural H
40、ygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and strength only upon a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of those laws that operate to make human life possible. All laws essential
41、to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution. Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in harmony with his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can have any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welf
42、are. If it is not closely related to mans highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot be consistent with his highest ideals of truth, duty and enjoyment. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, physical, mental, and emotional health are_.（分数：-0.20）A.closely linkedB.completely unrelat
43、edC.pretty much the sameD.quite unimportant(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of right living?（分数：-0.20）A.Taking a positive attitude towards life.B.Learning to give in.C.Sleeping as much as possible.D.Exercising regularly.(3).In view of the basic principles of natural health c
44、are, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Health means living in harmony with nature.B.Healing is a biological process.C.The same physiological laws govern the body in sickness and in health.D.There is no difference between health and disease.(4).In Sheltons eyes, trying to conv
45、ince intelligent people that man can return to health only on a basis of natural law_.（分数：-0.20）A.may prove difficultB.is impossibleC.will need a great deal of argumentD.should be easy(5).No rule of human conduct can be considered important in promoting the welfare of man unless_.（分数：-0.20）A.it has
46、been turned into a lawB.it is in harmony with his natureC.it has nothing to do with his highest fitnessD.it disagrees with his highest idealsMale and Female pilots cause accidents differently Male pilots flying general aviation(private)aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to in
47、attention or flawed decision, making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in
48、terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan
49、 P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established, contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.“ The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female
