1、职称英语(理工类)46 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The great castles of the king were without bathing (facilities).（分数：-1.00）A.poolsB.meansC.showersD.towels2.For children, playing is an automatic and integrate (component) of growing up.（分数：-1.00）A.decisionB.reminderC.partD.restriction3.When he got out of the
2、 managers office, from his facial expression we knew that his proposal must have been (turned down).（分数：-1.00）A.refusedB.acceptedC.adoptedD.denied4.Being colleagues for ten years, they have become (intimate) friends.（分数：-1.00）A.closeB.newC.kindD.closely5.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (f
3、easible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive6.Peter was an (energetic) and athletic youth.（分数：-1.00）A.alertB.awkwardC.activeD.skillful7.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary8.She could not endure the extreme (tension) and broke into tears suddenly.（
4、分数：-1.00）A.braveryB.strainC.dangerD.security9.Our company is (collaborating) with a Japanese firm in designing a new computer.（分数：-1.00）A.mergingB.allocatingC.communicatingD.cooperating10.I beg you once again, never (desert) me in my misfortunes!（分数：-1.00）A.condemnB.abandonC.offendD.pluck11.After th
5、e whole days march, they are too (fatigue) to walk any more.（分数：-1.00）A.hungryB.sleepyC.thirstyD.tired12.Navajo Indians create sand paintings by arranging grains of sand, ground-up minerals, and seeds of various colors into (designs).（分数：-1.00）A.mapsB.ritualsC.patternsD.rows13.The exploration of out
6、er space is a great (triumph) of modern science.（分数：-1.00）A.superiorB.symbolC.successionD.success14.Its (tough) looking for a job these days.（分数：-1.00）A.differentB.digitalC.difficultD.direct15.Is the clock in the tower (accurate)?（分数：-1.00）A.correctB.newC.oldD.wrongFood Many Americans harbour a gros
7、sly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the university of Massachusetts Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. “
8、The streets would be littered with people lying here and there.“ Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natu
9、ral pesticides(杀虫剂) . Says he; “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. “ And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogensa substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇)
10、might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University:“ Weve got far worst natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. “ Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no
11、 reason to the terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense
12、 to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government
13、 needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to h
14、andle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. （分数：-0.98）(1).The author thinks that the American overestimate the hazards of their food.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The author consi
15、ders it impossible to obtain no-risk food because many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).By saying “they employ chemical warfare“ Line 4, Para. 2, Bruse Ames means “plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and disease. “（分数：-0.14）A.Righ
16、tB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on the government.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).There is reason for caution but no cause Tor alarm with regard to food consumption.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).The government have n
17、o responsibility in reducing the possible hazards in food.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specif
18、ic regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“ courses have a “pacing“some timing device w
19、hich lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading
20、. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether
21、 you understand or not. If you keep doing this “lightning speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5. Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests th
22、e general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A. The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Y
23、our Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F. Hints for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C
24、.D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Some things we know about language Many thi
25、ngs about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with
26、 one mother. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all
27、known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the
28、 Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with
29、, but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural
30、and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and
31、may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. race /n. 种族 primitive /adj. 原始的 uncivilized /adj. 不开化的，落后的 complexity /n. 复杂性，复杂现象 nonsense /n. 胡说，没有根据的话 vocabulary /n. 词汇 （分数：-1.00）(1).In the second paragraph the author thinks that_.（分数：-0.20）A.some backward race doesnt
32、 have a language of its own.B.some race in history didnt possess a language of its own.C.any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.D.some races on earth call communicate without language.(2).According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have_ languages.（分数：-0.20）A.complic
33、atedB.uncivilizedC.primitive .D.wellknown(3).The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are_.（分数：-0.20）A.just as old as some well-known languages.B.just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.C.more developed than some well-known languages.D.more complex tha
34、n some well-known languages.(4).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?（分数：-0.20）A.language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B.All languages can well express their respective cultures.C.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.D.Some languages are better than ot
35、her languages.(5).According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in_.（分数：-0.20）A.grammar.B.pronunciation.C.vocabulary.D.intonation.Natural Medicines Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for in
36、jury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts o
37、f the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, ho
38、wever. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of todays most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the worl
39、d use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient
40、 sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists interest in traditional medicine is
41、 not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earths supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly. （分数：-1.00）(1).The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were_.（分数：-0.20）A.much more successful than modern onesB.successful in all casesC.successf
42、ul enough for humans to surviveD.of little help to humans(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Many big and modern hospitals are expensive.B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.D.Humans have used som
43、e kinds of medicines since earliest days.(3).It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines_.（分数：-0.20）A.can cure all kinds of diseasesB.are no longer useful for modern menC.may cure some of todays most serious diseasesD.are too cheap to be useful(4).What do the majority of the people in th
44、e world use for health care?（分数：-0.20）A.Plants.B.Factory-produced chemicals.C.Modern medicines.D.Strange and wonderful equipment.(5).It can be seen from the passage that the earths supply of natural medicines_.（分数：-0.20）A.may never be exhaustedB.is surprisingly bigC.may be dropping rapidlyD.is as ri
45、ch as everHow to Be a Nurse The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the view point of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nur
46、ses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must wor
47、k at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty usually eight i
48、n length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation, bu
49、t it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession. （分数：-1.00）(1).The nursing staff_.（分数：-0.20）A.are central to the medical staffB.play an
