1、职称英语(理工类)41 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The sisters cant (tolerate) each other.（分数：-1.00）A.bearB.hateC.likeD.criticize2.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupation3.Being colleagues for ten years, they have become (intimate) friends.（分数：-1.00）A.
2、closeB.newC.kindD.closely4.She couldnt (judge) distances.（分数：-1.00）A.arbitrateB.discoverC.findD.determine5.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB.conditionsC.weatherD.dangers6.While they were away on vocation, they allowed their mail to (be accumulat
3、ed) at the post office.（分数：-1.00）A.be decreasedB.be deliveredC.be piled upD.be returned7.It is his (assumption) of a false theory that made him pay a high price.（分数：-1.00）A.fearB.beliefC.disappointmentD.dream8.All foreign troops must (withdraw) from the country.（分数：-1.00）A.retainB.retireC.reviseD.re
4、treat9.He could never be (content) until he could afford to buy that beautiful car.（分数：-1.00）A.fullB.richC.wiseD.happy10.Color changes in chameleons (seem) to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimuli.（分数：-1.00）A.haveB.appearC.oughtD.used11.The chairman (proposed) t
5、hat we should stop the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced12.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.（分数：-1.00）A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.intentionallyD.thoroughly13.The doctors have (abandoned) the hope
6、 to rescue the old man.（分数：-1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused14.The number of the Unites States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.（分数：-1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.expectedD.entitled15.The project for developing local industries was (evaluated) for its usefulness, f
7、easibility and easiness of execution.（分数：-1.00）A.assessedB.comparedC.measuredD.weighedMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the A
8、merican College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from th
9、e Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adul
10、ts had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or
11、 ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the Univer
12、sity of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(
13、2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-
14、0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take me
15、asures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedParis 1. Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation “s population and is the economic, cultural, and political ce
16、nter of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision-making, thus, powerfully attracting nearly all of the nations activities. 2. Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of
17、the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. 3. The city is the
18、 centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasur
19、es in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world. 4. In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 mill
20、ion students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world. 5. Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the m
21、etropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment. A. Indus
22、try in Paris B. Culture C. Education D. Status E. Population Growth F. Economy （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Paris area contains nearly_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(6).With the introduc
23、tion of the Industrial Revolution,_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).The city is the centralized control point of_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Industries of consumer goods have been drawn to Paris by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Euthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and
24、breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hop
25、e of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time i
26、t is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (安乐死) , although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two years ago
27、are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met and the dea
28、th must be reported to the police department. Should doctors be allowed to take the live of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees van Vendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: “Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the w
29、orst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different thing. “ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization
30、Healthcare opposed to Euthanasia, says that “in the vast majority of euthanasia cases , what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or familytheres nearly always another question behind the que
31、stion.“ Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesnt take into account that there are ways
32、 of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people; “Its very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled (伤残的) and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to
33、opt(脱离) out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable (脆弱的).“ Many find this prohibition of an individuals right to the paternalistic (家长式的). Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality
34、of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their deat
35、h. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“ But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Vendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husbands interests at
36、 heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention. （分数：-1.00）(1).Who is against euthanasia?（分数：-0.20）A.Dr. Wifred Van Oijen.B.Dr. Andrew Fe
37、rguson.C.Cicely Saunders.D.Both B and C.(2).According to the guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament, when_,enthanasia can be carried out.（分数：-0.20）A.the patient or his relatives make repeated requests for euthanasiaB.the patient is affected with an infectious diseaseC.a second doctor is prese
38、nt and look on the processD.the patient suffers great pain(3).Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen may agree that_.（分数：-0.20）A.doctors have the right to take the lives of othersB.patients dont have the freedom to decide to end their livesC.life is important, but the quality of life is even more important and shoul
39、d be improvedD.killing is a necessary part of a doctors work(4).The arguments against the practice of euthanasia include all the following except_.（分数：-0.20）A.when a patient asks for death, he/she may ask for something elseB.its paternalistic to deny an individual the right to dieC.allowing euthanas
40、ia may cut back the care and consideration for the elderly and disabledD.to practice euthanasia is to shorten a patients life on purpose(5).When the author says “But why not? is a question might cause strong emotion,“ (the last para. )he may mean_.（分数：-0.20）A.Cees Van Vendel was a man with much emot
41、ionB.Cees Van Vendels doctor and wife were both sensitiveC.many people oppose the standpoints of those who support the practice of euthanasia stronglyD.only those who are full of emotion can say such words.Communication Problems After 20 years of research, my colleagues and I have discovered that al
42、l communication involves our bodies, sometimes profoundly. While we speak with words, we also speak with every fiber of our being. This “language of the heart“ is integral to the health and emotional life of all of us. We found that even a pleasant chat about the weather can affect the cardiovascula
43、r (心血管性的) system , particularly blood pressure. The traditional way of taking blood pressurewith a stethoscope (听诊器)meant that the patient had to keep silent, and this silence prevented clinicians from discovering the link between communication and blood pressure. The breakthrough in our studies occ
44、urred in 1977, when we met Ed, a typical hypertensive patient who came to the University of Marylands Psychophysiology Center for treatment. We hooked up Ed to a new com?puter that could continuously monitor blood pressure. We found that his pressure immediately increased every time he spoke, even i
45、f he was discussing the most neutral topic. What was more surprising was that Ed was unaware of these changes. This finding so intrigued us we began testing others. The results were the same. Blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly whenever people talked. We asked students to read aloud from a bl
46、and(乏味的)text. Their blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly every time. We tested 38 deaf-mute volunteers. When these people signed, their blood pressure also increased. This confirmed our suspicion that it was the act of communication, not just talking, that led to these changes. Most normal tal
47、k is a seesaw (一上一下的动作). The rising of blood pressure when one talks is balanced by a rapid lowering of pressure when one listens. But the rhythm is out of synclinal hypertensives. They fluently fail to listen; they are on guard, defensive. So their pressure stays up. The benefits of listening are s
48、een in the “orienting reflex,“ discovered by Pavlov. When a dog hears a sound or sees movement, it will stop all activity and cock its head. Another Russian scientist, E.N. Soklor, noticed that the dogs heart rate slows. A similar response occurs in people tooand it lowers blood activities: reading
49、out loud, staring at a blank wall and watching fish in a tank. Blood pressure washing test when the people spoke. But it was lowest when they watched the fish, rather than when they simply sat and relaxed. Whether watching fish or listening to another person, attending calmly to the world outside yourself helps lower blood pressure. When I got hypertensives to listen undefensively, their blood pressure often fell dramatically. Why do some people find talking so stressful, and listening so diffi
