1、职称英语(理工类)40 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.She (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck.（分数：-1.00）A.tookB.boughtC.showedD.made2.The (first) talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement.（分数：-1.00）A.primaryB.originalC.initialD.primitive3.John has always remaine
2、d (loyal) to his family and friends.（分数：-1.00）A.friendlyB.faithfulC.hostileD.kind4.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.（分数：-1.00）A.carelessB.intentionalC.humiliatingD.serious5.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.（分数：-1.00）A.learnsB.teachesC.understandsD.investigates .6.Our plan is to (alloca
3、te) one member of staff to handle appointments.（分数：-1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order7.Because of her rudeness to customers, the waitress has been (fired).（分数：-1.00）A.expiredB.resignedC.designedD.dismissed8.The boy was seriously (wounded) in the accident.（分数：-1.00）A.damagedB.injuredC.destroyedD.de
4、vastated9.We were so greatly (attracted) by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.（分数：-1.00）A.fascinatedB.disturbedC.fooledD.surprised10.Electrical appliances such as toasters or hair dryers are designed to (take advantage of) the ability of an electric cu
5、rrent to heat a wire.（分数：-1.00）A.augmentB.make sense ofC.make use ofD.reinstall11.His novel was adapted for the stage in 1949 as a musical play (entitled) as St. Louis woman.（分数：-1.00）A.chosen forB.includedC.starredD.named12.Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard t
6、o (detect).（分数：-1.00）A.explainB.uncoverC.discoverD.ignore13.The judge (suspected) the truth of the evidence provided by the witness.（分数：-1.00）A.believedB.guessedC.doubtedD.realized14.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangeredD.inter
7、ested15.In violin making, the (choice) of the wood is crucial.（分数：-1.00）A.selectionB.grainC.resonanceD.shapeNurses The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers.
8、From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great de
9、al of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurs
10、es, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick persons. Under the supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurs
11、es must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换) their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her
12、 guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations , but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding
13、jobs in the hospital. （分数：-0.98）(1).The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A nurse is not quali
14、fied if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Nurses often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Nursing services in a hospital are generall
15、y available around the clock.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The nurses station is the only place where nurses in a hospital ward can be found.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.（分数：-0.14
16、）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedHealth Education 1. Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A persons behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother wi
17、th the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫,卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems. 2. Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these s
18、ervices. One example of this is immunization (免疫) : scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization. 3. Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contri
19、butes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there, are many opportunities for practicing health education. 4. Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct info
20、rmation is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health educa
21、tion therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves. 5. Also, in health education we do not blame people if they
22、do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.
23、 A. Importance of Immunization B. Relationship with Other Health Services C. Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior D. Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior E. Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health F. Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0
24、.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Immunization helps to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).Health education cannot take the place of_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).In
25、dividuals should be provided with necessary conditions for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.A Hierarchy of Hormones All of the cells in a particular plant start out with the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and from structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits? The a
26、nswer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules. Five major hormones have been identified; auxin (生
27、长素), abscisic acid(脱落酸) ,cytokinin(细胞激动素), hetylene(乙烯), and gibberellin(赤霉素). Studies of plants have now identified a new class of regulatory molecules called oligosaccharins. Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic (多向性的) rather than specific, that is, each h
28、as more than one effect on the growth and development of plants. The five have so many simultaneous effects that they are not very useful in artificially controlling the growth of crops. Auxin, for instance, stimulates the rate of cell elongation(拉长), causes shoots to grow up and roots to grow down,
29、 and inhibits the growth of lateral(侧面的) shoots. Auxin also causes the plant to develop a vascular(维管的) system, to from lateral roots, and to produce ethylene. The pleiotropy of the five well-studied plant hormones is somewhat analogous (类似的) to that of certain hormones in animal. For example, hormo
30、nes from the hypothalamus (下五脑) in the brain stimulate the anterior(前面的) lobe of the pituitary gland to synthesize and release many different hormones, one of which stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal(肾上腺的) cortex(皮质|). These hormones have specific effects on target organs all over t
31、he body. One hormone stimulates the thyroid (甲状腺的) gland, for example, another the ovarian (子房)follicle cells, and so forth. In other words, there is a hierarchy(统治集团) of hormones. Such a hierarchy may also exist in plants. Oligosaccharins are fragments of the cell wall released by enzymes (酶): diff
32、erent enzymes release different oligosaccharins. There are indications that pleiotropic plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that release these other, more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the five well-known plant hor
33、mones are not useful in controlling the growth of crops because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it is not known exactly what functions the hormones performB.each hormone has various effects on plantsC.none of the hormones can function without the othersD.each hormone has different effects on different kinds of plants(
34、2).The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performed by an oligosacharin?（分数：-0.20）A.To stimulate a particular plant cell to become part of a plants root system.B.To activate enzymes that release specific chemical messengers from plant call walls.C.To duplicate th
35、e gene complement in a particular plant cell.D.To produce multiple effects on a particular subsystem of plant cells.(3).The author mentions specific effects that auxin has on plant development in order to illustrate the_（分数：-0.20）A.way in which hormones are produced by plantB.hierarchical nature of
36、the functioning of plant hormones.C.differences between the best-known plant hormones.D.concept of pleiotropy as it is exhibited by plant hormones.(4).According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosacchains?（分数：-0.20）A.Interacting with one another to pr
37、oduce different chemicals.B.Pleasing specific chemical messengers from a plants cell walls.C.Reoducing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions.D.Influencing the development of a plants cells by controlling the expression of the cells genes.(5).The passage
38、suggests that, unlike the pleiotropio hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effectively to_.（分数：-0.20）A.trace the passage of chemicals through the walls of cells.B.pinpoint functions of other plant hormones.C.artificially control specific aspects of the development of crops.D.alter the complement
39、of genes in the cells of plants.Some things we know about language Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it ha
40、s no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as w
41、e say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language
42、of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They a
43、re certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who
44、 speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do
45、 speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. race /n. 种族 primitive /adj. 原始的 uncivilized /adj. 不开化的，落后的 complexity /n. 复杂性，复杂现象 nonsense /n. 胡说，没有根据的话 vocabulary /n. 词汇 （分数：-1.00）(1).In the sec
46、ond paragraph the author thinks that_.（分数：-0.20）A.some backward race doesnt have a language of its own.B.some race in history didnt possess a language of its own.C.any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.D.some races on earth call communicate without language.(2).According to the aut
47、hor, people of undeveloped cultures can have_ languages.（分数：-0.20）A.complicatedB.uncivilizedC.primitive .D.wellknown(3).The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are_.（分数：-0.20）A.just as old as some well-known languages.B.just as sophisticated as some well-known l
48、anguages.C.more developed than some well-known languages.D.more complex than some well-known languages.(4).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?（分数：-0.20）A.language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B.All languages can well express their respective cultures.C.American Indian la
49、nguages are as sophisticated as English.D.Some languages are better than other languages.(5).According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in_.（分数：-0.20）A.grammar.B.pronunciation.C.vocabulary.D.intonation.Vice Vaccines At first glance, vice vaccines look just great. These injections promise to inactivate drugs such as cocaine, heroin and nicotine in the bloodstream before they reach the brain. Without the “hit“, people just wont come back for more. Its true that these vaccines are still being
