1、职称英语(理工类)33 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The great castles of the king were without bathing (facilities).（分数：-1.00）A.poolsB.meansC.showersD.towels2.Each leader had a (serious) look as he signed the peace treaty.（分数：-1.00）A.sincereB.graveC.honestD.suspicious3.He often (finds fault with) my work.（分数：
2、-1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talks about4.Although you are busy, you must (allow for) your health.（分数：-1.00）A.attendB.take account ofC.put in the charge ofD.take charge of5.His success in work has (tempted) many to try this new method.（分数：-1.00）A.attractedB.calledC.impliedD.inspired6.Just
3、 before taking off, the pilot once more (asked about) weather conditions.（分数：-1.00）A.inquiredB.demandedC.requestedD.required7.The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced8.The doctor soon made the worried patient feel (comfortable).（分数：-1
4、.00）A.at easeB.in privateC.at restD.in peace9.The policeman (cautioned) us about the icy roads after the heavy snowfall last night.（分数：-1.00）A.informedB.remindC.describedD.alerted10.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was (contaminated).（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.danger
5、ousC.divertedD.polluted11.Professor Clark continued his research work and (disregarded) his colleagues advice.（分数：-1.00）A.ignoredB.exploredC.realizedD.recognized12.Its (tough) looking for a job these days.（分数：-1.00）A.differentB.digitalC.difficultD.direct13.The planned general strike represents a (vi
6、tal) economic challenge to the government.（分数：-1.00）A.quickB.importantC.specificD.tribal14.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly15.Navajo Indians create sand paintings by arranging grains of sand, ground-up minerals, and seeds of various co
7、lors into (designs).（分数：-1.00）A.mapsB.ritualsC.patternsD.rowsUnited Nations A major segment of the Untied Nations is the General Assembly, which consists of representatives from all governments that have ratified the UN Charter. As of 1995,185 states had membership in the general Assembly. Additiona
8、lly, the Vatican, Switzerland, and the Palestine Liberation Organization have nonvoting observer status in the General Assembly. The General Assembly approves the UNs budget, acts with the Security Council to select the Secretary-general and judges of the International Court of Justice, and passes r
9、esolutions on issues ranging from self-determination and colonialism to womens rights and the global distribution of wealth. The General Assembly can meet and vote on any subject, unless the Security Council is dealing with it (or at least pretending to). However, its decisions only carry moral forc
10、eunlike the Councils. Theyre not binding in international laws. But the Assembly votes are an important opinion poll on how and what the majority of the world thinks about issues. “ Important questions“ need a two-thirds vote of the Assembly to pass. The question of what is an important question isn
11、t important. Its decided by the delegates themselvesby a simple majority. Although the General Assembly has not recognized authority to enforce its conclusions on anything other than internal UN matters, it makes its viewpoints on issues that are brought before it is known in one of the three ways.
12、A General Assembly declaration is a broad statement of general principle such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, passed in 1948. Declarations are often put forward as an expression of an ideal, in practice they are regularly ignored. A General Assembly resolution is essentially a document
13、 that recommends that member states take a particular policy action. States claim sovereignty and make their own decisions as to whether they will follow a General Assembly resolution. In some cases, however, if many states implement a particular resolution, other states that may not wish to act on
14、the resolution may feel themselves pressured to do so anyway. At the very least, a resolution has the effect of legitimizing the policies of those states that wish to comply with the resolution. Finally, a General Assembly convention, or treaty, has two meanings. The more comprehensive convention re
15、fers to multilateral treaties voted on by the General Assembly that, upon passage by the General Assembly, are carried back to the capitals of member states for ratification by whatever means each state uses domestically. In other cases, a General Assembly convention refers specifically to a treaty
16、signed between the United Nations and the government of a nation-state, as when in 1956 Egypt agreed to allow United Nations peacekeeping forces to enter Egyptian territory. （分数：-0.98）(1).The General Assembly is responsible for dealing with the international matters.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Men
17、tioned(2).The Passage of important issues is decided by a two-thirds vote of the Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The General Assembly have the authority to enforce its conclusions on approving UN budget.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The General Assembly makes its vie
18、wpoints in the General Assembly ratification.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The General Assembly presses its member states to implement its resolution.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Anan was chosen as UN Secretary-general on the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
19、Mentioned(7).Multi-lateral treaties have to be ratified by the member state before it is passed by the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedArchitecture Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings ate often so well constructed that they out
20、last their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature b
21、ut in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments beca
22、use they are not burnable and Can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials ate more adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modem lire calls for a variety of buildings. More pe
23、ople live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they ate sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated exper
24、iences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modem architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modem architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinfor
25、ced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. A. Building Materials B. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life C. Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D. Evolution in Style E. Factors Affecting Modem Architectur 6 F.
26、A Social Art （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, w
27、hich were restored during renaissance, were still influential（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).As modem life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and th
28、e air-conditioner have played all important role_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Suburb If “suburb“ is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city, in the second quarter of the nineteenth centu
29、ry. Before that period the city was a small, highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot, and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories, built in the 1830s and 1840s, were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed fo
30、r the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses around the older, main cities. As a defence against this encroachment, and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industri
31、al neighbors. In 1854 for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. With the
32、acceleration of industrial growth come acute, urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric
33、 streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban middle class,
34、whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developing of single-family housing tracts. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the text?（分数：-0.20）A.The Growth of Philadelphia.B.The Origin of the Suburb.C.The Development of
35、City Transportation.D.The Rise of the Urban Middle Class.(2).The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during the period of_.（分数：-0.20）A.industrializationB.inflationC.revitalizationD.unionization(3).In the passage, the word “encroachment“ refers to which of the following?（分数：-0.
36、20）A.The smell of the factories.B.The growth of mill towns.C.The development of waterways.D.The loss of jobs.(4).It can be inferred from the text that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by_.（分数：-0.20）A.automobileB.cartC.horse-drawn trolleyD.electric streetcar(5).Where in the text does the
37、 author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization?（分数：-0.20）A.Lines 3-5.B.Lines 9-10.C.Lines 13-15.D.Lines 18-20.The Central Dogma Though it comes as no surprise that the composition of DNA between different organisms is different, it is not immediately obvious why the muscle cells,
38、blood cells, and brain cells of any one particular vertebrate(脊椎动物) are so different in their structure and composition when the DNA of every one of their cells is identical. This is the key to one of the most exciting areas of modern cell biology. In different cell types, different sets of the tota
39、l number of genes (genome) (基因组) are expressed. In other words, different regions of the DNA are “active“ in the muscle cells, blood cells, and brain cells. To understand how this difference in DNA activity can lead to differences in cell structure and composition, it is necessary to consider what i
40、s often known as the central dogma(法则) of molecular biology: “DNA makes RNA make protein. “ In molecular terms, a gene is that portion of DNA that encodes for a single protein. The dictum“ one gene makes one protein“ has required some modification(改变) with the discovery that some proteins are compos
41、ed of several different polypeptide(多肽) chains, but the “one gene makes one polypeptide“ rule does hold. DNA Contains the Blueprint for All Cell Proteins. Messenger RNA is a precise copy (transcript) of the coded sequence of nucleic acid bases in DNA, and this message is translated into a unique pro
42、tein molecule on specialist organelles (ribo-somes) present in the cytoplasm(细胞质) of all cells. Proteins(蛋白质), which are largely made up of carbon(C) ,hydrogen(H), oxygen(O) ,and nitrogen(N) ,are constructed from 20 different, common amino acids. The versatility of proteins, the workhorse molecules
43、of the cell, stems from the immense variety of molecular shapes that can be created, by linking amino acids together in different sequences. The smaller proteins consist of only a few dozen amino acids, whereas the larger ones may contain in excess of 200 amino acids, all linked together in a linear
44、(线状的) chain by peptide bonds. As the proteins are released from the ribosome(核糖体) ,they fold into unique shapes, under the influence of chemical forces that depend on the particular sequence of amino acids. So the protein primary sequence , encoded in the gene and faithfully transcribed and translat
45、ed into an amino acid chain, determines the three-dimensional structure of the emerging molecule. The human body possesses some 30 000 different kinds of proteins and several million copies of many of these. Each plays a specific rolefor example, hemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood, actin(肌动蛋白) a
46、nd myosin(肌球蛋白) interact to generate muscle movement, and acetylcholine (乙酸胆碱) receptor molecules mediate chemical transmission between nerve and muscle cells. EnzymesProtein Biocatalysts An essential group of proteinsthe enzymes (酵素)act as biological catalysts (催化剂) and regulate all aspects of cell
47、 metabolism (新陈代谢). They enable breakdown of high-energy food molecules (carbohydrates) to provide energy for biological reactions, and they control the synthetic pathways that result in the generation of lipids(e.g., fats, cholesterol(胆固醇), and other vital membrane(膜) components), carbohydrates (碳水
48、化合物) (sugars, starch (淀粉) , and cellulose (纤维素) , the key components of plant cell walls) ,and many vital small biomolecules essential for cell function. （分数：-1.00）(1).The best title of this passage is_.（分数：-0.20）A.Dongma, DNA and EnzymesB.Dogma, Proteins and BiocatalystC.DNA, Proteins and Biocataly
49、stD.DNA, Proteins and Enzymes(2).Which of the following statements about the central dogma is false?（分数：-0.20）A.The central dogma could be expressed as DNA makes RNA make Protein.“B.Each protein contains only one gene.C.Each polypeptide contains only one gene.D.The central dogma is the key to understand how the difference in DNA activity can lead to the difference in cell structure and composition.(3).“ Stem“ ( para. 3, sent. 3 ) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.caneB.jamC.deriveD.stop(4).We can infer from para. 4 that_.（分数：-0.20）A.
