1、职称英语(理工类)31 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.You will find that the community has (experienced) great changes since you came here last.（分数：-1.00）A.undergoneB.experimentedC.submittedD.sustained2.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangere
2、dD.interested3.It took me a whole hour to (solve) the problem.（分数：-1.00）A.work atB.work onC.work outD.work over4.Helen will leave (immediately).（分数：-1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon5.Large areas of Alaskan land remain (desolate) due to harsh climate.（分数：-1.00）A.barrenB.immatureC.inacces
3、sibleD.passionate6.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.（分数：-1.00）A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.intentionallyD.thoroughly7.Each leader had a (serious) look as he signed the peace treaty.（分数：-1.00）A.sincereB.graveC.honestD.susp
4、icious8.She (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck.（分数：-1.00）A.tookB.boughtC.showedD.made9.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB.conditionsC.weatherD.dangers10.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level
5、11.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smart) one.（分数：-1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave12.Please (check) your bill before you leave the shop and make sure that it is correct.（分数：-1.00）A.pay offB.go overC.look upD.find out13.The policeman (cautioned) us about the i
6、cy roads after the heavy snowfall last night.（分数：-1.00）A.informedB.remindC.describedD.alerted14.We can rely on James to carry out this mission for his judgement is always (sound).（分数：-1.00）A.healthyB.unmistakableC.reliableD.unquestionable15.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bo
7、dies to (sense) sound waves.（分数：-1.00）A.convertB.disguiseC.sendD.detectMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College
8、 of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for D
9、isease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk o
10、f less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had
11、little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of Califor
12、nia at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 perce
13、nt of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thousand people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.W
14、rongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take measures to reduc
15、e the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedIce Cream For Dogs 1. Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show that two-thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to their dogs. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert
16、 on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. “It has milk sugar in it,“ he says,“ which dogs cannot digest very well. “ 2. Bothered by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to please their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs tha
17、t, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also
18、 invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, and two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which
19、 makes the product and packages it in cups. 3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested extensively and that “dogs love it“. Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first try. Three out of four preferred it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, whi
20、ch will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three or four cups, costing between 6 1. 79. 4. What would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? Nothing, says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says, it wont taste very good. A. The price
21、 of Frosty Paws B. No harm to human C. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogs D. Harm to human E. Feeding ice-creams to dogs F. Attraction to dogs （分数：-1.04）(1).Para 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Para 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Para 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Para 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Dogs cant d
22、igest_ very well.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The ice cream for dogs is made of a liquid_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).The ice cream can be bought in_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).It is sold in packs of 3 or 4_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Defective Genes and Human Health Each of us carries about half a dozen defective(有缺点的)
23、 genes. We remain blissfully(快乐地) unaware of this fact unless we, or one of our close relatives, are amongst the many millions who suffer from a genetic disease. About one in ten people has, or will develop at some later stage, an inherited(遗传的)genetic disorder, and approximately 2,800 specific cond
24、itions are known to be caused by defects (mutations) in just one of the patients genes. Some single gene disorders are quite common-cystic(胞状的) fibrosis (纤维化) is found in one out of every 2,500 babies born in the Western Worldand in total, diseases that can be traced to single gene defects account f
25、or about 5% of all admissions to childrens hospitals. Most of us do not suffer any harmful effects from our defective genes because we carry two copies of nearly all genes, one derived from our mother and the other from our father. The only exceptions to this rule are the genes found on the male sex
26、 chromosomes (染色体) Males have one X and one Y chromosome, the former from the mother and the latter from the father, so each cell has only one copy of the genes on these chromosomes. In the majority of cases, one normal gene is sufficient to avoid all the symptoms of disease. If the potentially harm
27、ful gene is recessive(后退的), then its normal counterpart(配对的) will carry out all the tasks assigned to both. Only if we inherit from our parents two copies of the same recessive gene will a disease develop. On the other hand, if the gene is dominant(显性的), it alone can produce the disease, even if its
28、 counterpart is normal. Clearly only the children of a parent with the disease can be affected, and then average only half the children will be affected. Huntingtons chorea (舞蹈病) , a severe disease of the nervous system, which becomes apparent only in adulthood, is an example of a dominant genetic d
29、isease. Finally, there are the X chromosome-linked genetic diseases. As males have only one copy of the genes from this chromosome, there are no others available to fulfill the defective genes function. Examples of such diseases are Duchenne muscular dystrophy(营养不良) and, perhaps most well known of a
30、ll, hemophilia(血友病). Queen Victoria was a carrier of the defective gene responsible for hemophilia, and through her it was transmitted to the royal families of Russia, Spain, and Prussia. Minor cuts and bruises, which would do little harm to most people, can prove fatal to hemophiliacs, who lack the
31、 proteins(Factors VIII and IV) (凝血因子 VIII 和 IV)involved in the clotting(血凝结)of blood, which are coded for by the defective genes. Sadly, before these proteins were made available through genetic engineering, hemophiliacs were treated with proteins isolated from human blood. Some of this blood was co
32、ntaminated(污损) with the AIDS virus, and has resulted in tragic(悲惨的) consequences for many hemophiliacs. Use of genetically engineered proteins in the rapeutic applications, rather than blood products, will avoid these problems in the future. Not all defective genes necessarily produce detrimental(有害
33、的)effects, since the environment in which the gene operates is also of importance. A classic example of a genetic disease having a beneficial effect on survival is illustrated by the relationship between sickle-cell,(镶形血球)anemia (贫血症) and malaria(疟病). Only individuals having two copies of the sickle
34、-cell gene and one normal gene are unaffected and, more importantly, are able to resist infection(传染) by malarial parasites (寄生虫). The clear advantage, in this case, of having one defective gene explains why this gene is common in populations in those areas of the world where malaria is endemic(特有的)
35、. （分数：-1.00）(1).“the disease“ ( para. 7 ) refers to _.（分数：-0.20）A.sickle-cell geneB.malariaC.sickle-cell anemiaD.detrimental effect(2).Which of the following statement is “TRUE“?（分数：-0.20）A.About 10% people have developed an inherited genetic disorder.B.Diseases of genetic origin account for about 5
36、% of all admissions to hospitals.C.All the defective genes produce bad effects.D.Hemophilia is a kind of the X chromosome-linked genetic disease.(3).We can infer from para. 4 that_.（分数：-0.20）A.half of the children will be affected by the dominant genetic diseasesB.about 50% children of the parents w
37、ith the dominant genetic diseases can be affectedC.when a child becomes an adult, a dominant genetic disease will become apparentD.a normal gene will carry out all the tasks assigned to it and its counterpart, when the latter is dominant(4).Which of the following royal families was not affected by h
38、emophilia through Queen Victoria?（分数：-0.20）A.RussiaB.SpainC.EnglandD.Thailand(5).Which of the following statements on genes and diseases is NOT TRUE?（分数：-0.20）A.Genetically engineered proteins are better than blood products in treating hemophilia.B.Only those who suffer from a genetic disease carry
39、about half a dozen defective genes.C.The Y chromosome males have are from their fathers.D.Whether a defensive gene produces ill effects has something to do with the environment in which the gene operates.AIDS AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The human immunodeficiency virus (人类免疫缺损病毒)cal
40、led HIV is believed to cause AIDS. There is no cure. People who get the disease will die. AIDS itself does not kill. However, it attacks and destroys the bodys defense system that fights against infection. When this happens, a person has little ability to fight off many other diseases including pneu
41、monia(肺炎), cancer and tuberculosis (结核病). A new study says the number of women in the United States with AIDS has increased sharply. The study says AIDS is increasing faster among women than among men. Eighteen percent of AIDS patients are women. This is almost 3 times the rate 10 years ago. Most wo
42、men get the AIDS virus from having sexual relations with men. Pregnant women with the disease can pass it to their babies. The effect of AIDS in America is greatest in large cities. AIDS is the leading cause of death among all people in 79 cities. It is the leading cause of death among women in 15 c
43、ities. These include New York City and Miami, Florida. Doctors in the United States first noted AIDS 14 years ago in homosexual (同性恋的)men in New York and California. In the United States AIDS spread first among homosexual men. Then it appeared in people who shared needles to put illegal drugs into t
44、heir blood. It also appeared in people who had received infected blood products at hospitals. The AIDS virus is spread through the exchange of infected blood or body fluids released during sexual activity. It is also spread by having sexual relations with someone who has the virus. And it is spread
45、by sharing drug needles that have infected blood on them. AIDS has affected several famous American athletes. Two years ago, former tennis player Arthur Ashe died of the disease. At about the same time, former basketball player Magic Johnson announced that he has the AIDS virus. The most recent athl
46、ete to be affected is Gregory Louganis. Louganis won a number of gold medals in Olympic diving competition. He announced on television that he has AIDS. President Clinton met with Louganis and praised him for discussing his sickness. Mr. Clinton said it is important to educate the public. Activists
47、have succeeded in educating Americans about AIDS and the people who have it. They also have been urging the federal government to increase efforts to find a cure for AIDS. Scientists first identified the virus that is believed to cause AIDS in 1983. Many of them then thought they could produce an an
48、ti-AIDS vaccine(痘苗). Such a medicine could be given to people to protect against the disease. However, scientists at American government agencies, universities and drug companies have failed to produce an anti-AIDS vaccine. But they are continuing effort to find better treatments for a cure. （分数：-1.
49、00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：-0.20）A.AIDS is the leading cause of death among young adults in American.B.Most of the new AIDS cases reported in 1993 were among minority population.C.There are more women than men among the AIDS patients in the United States.D.AIDS has a big effect on large cities.(2).What is not likely to happen?（分数：-0.20）A.A man with AIDS passes the disease to his wife.B.A pregnant woman with AIDS passes it to her baby.C.A doctor with AIDS passes the disease to his or her patient
